# Total knee polyethylene insert designs: medial congruent, medial pivot / ball-in-socket, and constrained

Exhaustive reference list compiled from PubMed/MEDLINE on 2026-09-11, with open-access status from Europe PMC and OpenAlex.

- Total articles: **1876**
- Open access: **874** (PDF included for **711**; the rest are open access at the publisher but could not be fetched automatically, links provided)
- Subscription only: **1002**

PDFs are in the `pdfs/` folder, named `year_firstauthor_PMID.pdf`. The same data is in `reference-list.xlsx` and `reference-list.csv` for sorting and filtering.

## Contents

- 1. Comparative or multi-design studies (two or more of: medial congruent, medial pivot/ball-in-socket, constrained) (47)
- 2. Medial congruent (MC) inserts (26)
- 3. Medial pivot, medially stabilized, and ball-in-socket designs (464)
- 4. Constrained inserts (varus-valgus constrained, constrained condylar, semi-constrained) (491)
- 5. Related: hinged and rotating-hinge knees (368)
- 6. Related: ultracongruent, anterior-stabilized, and deep-dish inserts (167)
- 7. Related: constrained implant mentioned, constraint level not specified (313)

## 1. Comparative or multi-design studies (two or more of: medial congruent, medial pivot/ball-in-socket, constrained)

1. Hoskins W, Gusho C, Bingham R, Du P, Oakey H, Vince KG, et al.. Does Transitioning to Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Change Surgeon Revision Risk or Failure Modes?: A Baseline Comparative Analysis Before and After Robotic Adoption. JB JS Open Access. 2026;11(2):. PMID 42299371.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42299371/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.26.00127) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13259563/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Hoskins_PMID42299371.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
2. Migliorini F, Pilone M, Schäfer L, Vaishya R, Moretti G, Mendel T, et al.. Posterior cruciate ligament management in medial pivot total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2026;21(1):. PMID 41877265.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41877265/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-026-06677-8) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13063442/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Migliorini_PMID41877265.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis · Open access (PDF included)*
3. Parody N, Warren S, Hennessy D, Rozell JC, Bosco J, Walker PS. Achieving Anatomic Kinematics in a Noncruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty: Preclinical Evaluation Using a Crouching Machine. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(7S1):S387-S393. PMID 42373148.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42373148/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.01.010)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
4. Vosoughi F, Vaziri AS, Khashami F, Vahdati Z, Oskouie IM, Nematian H. Early recovery patterns differ between medially congruent and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty, with comparable 2-year outcomes: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(3):e70861. PMID 42534647.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42534647/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70861) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13420843/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Vosoughi_PMID42534647.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
5. Wang WC, Lin YT, Chen KH, Lee CH, Wang CC, Tzeng CY, et al.. Comparison of Radiographic and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Robotic-Assisted Versus Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Medial-Congruent Bearing. J Clin Med. 2026;15(2):. PMID 41598743.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41598743/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020806) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12842233/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Wang_PMID41598743.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
6. Foong BCM, Lee WC, Khoo SKM, Kunnasegaran R. No difference in clinical outcomes when retaining or sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament in medial congruent total knee replacement. A retrospective study. Musculoskelet Surg. 2025;109(1):107-112. PMID 39231900.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39231900/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-024-00866-6)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
7. Hawes J, Ast M, Mayman D, Bostrom M, Haas S, Chalmers B. Excellent 2-Year Outcomes of a Midlevel Constrained Liner Used in Stemless Primary TKA. HSS J. 2025;21(2):184-191. PMID 39564425.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39564425/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/15563316241233293) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11572455/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Hawes_PMID39564425.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
8. Kinoshita T, Hino K, Kutsuna T, Watamori K, Tsuda T, Horita Y, et al.. Effect of the kinematic retaining design on knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty: A cadaveric study using a navigation system. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2025;37(1):38. PMID 40958131.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40958131/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-025-00290-5) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12442271/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Kinoshita_PMID40958131.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
9. Mortensen KRL, Ingelsrud LH, Muharemovic O, Gromov K, Troelsen A. Does a medial congruent bearing in total knee arthroplasty compromise fixation? A randomized controlled trial. Knee. 2025;53:19-27. PMID 39644874.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39644874/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2024.11.015) · [Open-access link](https://www.thekneejournal.com/article/S0968-0160(24)00234-5/pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Randomized Controlled Trial · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
10. Nelson-Tranum AK, Ford MC, Hou N, Powell DW, Holland CT, Richey PA, et al.. Implant design may influence knee flexor activation patterns during stair ascent and descent. Bone Joint Res. 2025;14(12):1080-1091. PMID 41325780.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41325780/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.1412.BJR-2025-0520) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12668820/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_NelsonTranum_PMID41325780.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
11. Romano F, Rossi R, Cottino U, Bruzzone M, Pirato F, Rosso F. Medial Congruent and Medial Pivot Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(5):. PMID 40428802.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40428802/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050844) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12113639/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Romano_PMID40428802.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Scoping Review · Open access (PDF included)*
12. Vermue H, Batailler C, Budhiparama N, Lustig S. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention Does Not Influence Clinical Outcomes in Medial Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(12):3342-3348. PMID 40473054.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40473054/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.100)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
13. Faschingbauer M, Hambrecht J, Schwer J, Martin JR, Reichel H, Seitz A. Tibial insert design significantly alters knee kinematics using a single cruciate-retaining total knee implant. Bone Jt Open. 2024;5(7):592-600. PMID 39019478.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39019478/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.57.BJO-2024-0033.R1) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11254455/) · [PDF](pdfs/2024_Faschingbauer_PMID39019478.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
14. Greenberg A, Cohen D, Shahabinezhad A, Barimani B, Wolfstadt J, Backstein D. Good Short-Term Survivorship of Constrained Condylar Revision Knee Implants With Medial Pivot Kinematics: A Level IV Retrospective Study. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(8 Suppl 1):S275-S279. PMID 38395111.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38395111/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2024.02.041) · [Open-access link](https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(24)00140-2/pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
15. Hodgeson SM, Soeno T, Mears SC, Stambough JB, Barnes CL, Stronach BM. The Medial Pivot Design in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 2024;55(1):49-59. PMID 37980103.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37980103/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2023.06.007)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Subscription / not open access*
16. Kowalski E, Pelegrinelli ARM, Ryan N, Dervin G, Lamontagne M. Muscle Activity and Biomechanics While Descending a Staircase After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Study Comparing Different Posterior Stabilized and Medial Ball-and-Socket Designs. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(12):3076-3083.e2. PMID 38901712.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901712/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2024.06.022) · [Open-access link](https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(24)00620-X/pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
17. Lee WC, Foong CMB, Khoo KMS, Kwan YH, Kunnasegaran R. Faster improvement in outcome scores in posterior stabilised total knee arthroplasty compared to medial congruent system with posterior cruciate ligament retained. Musculoskelet Surg. 2024;108(1):87-92. PMID 37644317.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37644317/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-023-00797-8)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
18. Rossi SMP, Sangaletti R, Jannelli E, Bova D, Montagna A, Benazzo F. PCL preservation or sacrifice does not influence clinical outcomes and survivorship at mid-term follow-up of a J-curve CR total knee replacement with a medial congruent liner and a functional coronal alignment. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(1):307-313. PMID 37612567.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37612567/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-05033-3)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
19. Sah AP, Higuera JM, Ford MC, Pagnano MW. Alphabet Soup of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Liner Options-Cruciate Retaining, Posterior Stabilized, 
Medial Congruent, Medial Pivot: Making Sense of the Options and What the Latest Data Show. Instr Course Lect. 2024;73:169-181. PMID 38090896.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38090896/)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Subscription / not open access*
20. Salvi AG, Valpiana P, Innocenti B, Ghirardelli S, Bernardi M, Petralia G, et al.. The Restoration of the Prearthritic Joint Line Does Not Guarantee the Natural Knee Kinematics: A Gait Analysis Evaluation Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2024;30:101586. PMID 39717836.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39717836/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2024.101586) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11665368/) · [PDF](pdfs/2024_Salvi_PMID39717836.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
21. Walker PS, Hennessy D, Perez J, Rahman F, Zapata G, Bosco J. Achieving Specified Laxity in a Noncruciate Total Knee: A Laboratory Design Study. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(8 Suppl 1):S340-S346. PMID 38493966.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38493966/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.015) · [Open-access link](http://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883540324002316/pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
22. Castellarin G, Bori E, Rapallo L, Pianigiani S, Innocenti B. Biomechanical analysis of different levels of constraint in TKA during daily activities. Arthroplasty. 2023;5(1):3. PMID 36597168.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36597168/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s42836-022-00157-0) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9811790/) · [PDF](pdfs/2023_Castellarin_PMID36597168.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
23. Indelli PF, Spinello P, Zepeda K, Campi S, Rossi SMP, Engl M, et al.. Medially congruent total knee arthroplasty in valgus knee deformities yields satisfactory outcomes: a multicenter, international study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(2):407-412. PMID 34596693.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34596693/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06754-x)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Multicenter Study · Subscription / not open access*
24. Alesi D, Di Paolo S, Bragonzoni L, Pizza N, Zaffagnini S, Zinno R, et al.. No kinematical difference between ultra-congruent and medial-congruent total knee arthroplasty when implanted with mechanical alignment: an in vivo dynamic RSA study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(9):2975-2979. PMID 35768651.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35768651/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-022-07033-z) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9418101/) · [PDF](pdfs/2022_Alesi_PMID35768651.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
25. Alessio-Mazzola M, Clemente A, Russo A, Mertens P, Burastero G, Formica M, et al.. Clinical radiographic outcomes and survivorship of medial pivot design total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022;142(11):3437-3448. PMID 34633511.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34633511/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-04210-6) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9522696/) · [PDF](pdfs/2022_AlessioMazzola_PMID34633511.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Systematic Review · Open access (PDF included)*
26. Christensson A, Tveit M, Kesteris U, Flivik G. Similar migration for medial congruent and cruciate-retaining tibial components in an anatomic TKA system: a randomized controlled trial of 60 patients followed with RSA for 2 years. Acta Orthop. 2022;93:68-74. PMID 34633885.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34633885/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2021.1983709) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8815372/) · [PDF](pdfs/2022_Christensson_PMID34633885.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Randomized Controlled Trial · Open access (PDF included)*
27. Kahlenberg CA, Chalmers B, Sun HJ, Mayman DJ, Westrich GH, Haas SB, et al.. Polyethylene Components in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Overview of Fixed Bearing Design Options. J Knee Surg. 2022;35(13):1401-1408. PMID 33618396.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33618396/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723981)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Review · Subscription / not open access*
28. Cacciola G, Mancino F, De Meo F, Di Matteo V, Sculco PK, Cavaliere P, et al.. Mid-term survivorship and clinical outcomes of the medial stabilized systems in primary total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review. J Orthop. 2021;24:157-164. PMID 33716421.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33716421/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2021.02.022) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7933597/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Cacciola_PMID33716421.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
29. Ghirardelli S, Asay JL, Leonardi EA, Amoroso T, Andriacchi TP, Indelli PF. Kinematic Comparison between Medially Congruent and Posterior-Stabilized Third-Generation TKA Designs. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021;6(1):. PMID 33804113.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33804113/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010027) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8006233/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Ghirardelli_PMID33804113.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
30. Ocampo R, Azua E, Presti M, Voss L. Atraumatic Fracture of the Medial Femoral Condyle of a Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2021;8:222-225. PMID 33937462.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33937462/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2021.03.006) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8079325/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Ocampo_PMID33937462.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
31. Sabatini L, Bosco F, Barberis L, Camazzola D, Bistolfi A, Risitano S, et al.. Kinetic Sensors for Ligament Balance and Kinematic Evaluation in Anatomic Bi-Cruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(16):. PMID 34450869.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450869/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165427) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8399549/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Sabatini_PMID34450869.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
32. Watanabe S, Tomita T, Akagi R, Watanabe A, Yamazaki T, Enomoto T, et al.. In vivo kinematics of cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty after a change of polyethylene insert configuration. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol. 2021;24:1-8. PMID 33457208.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33457208/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2020.11.002) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7782324/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Watanabe_PMID33457208.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
33. Øhrn FD, Lian ØB, Tsukanaka M, Röhrl SM. Early migration of a medially stabilized total knee arthroplasty : a radiostereometric analysis study up to two years. Bone Jt Open. 2021;2(9):737-744. PMID 34493056.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34493056/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.29.BJO-2021-0115.R1) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8479839/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_hrn_PMID34493056.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
34. Bosch LC, Beger SB, Duncan ST, Rossi SMP, Sculco PK, Barnes CL, et al.. Intraoperative Practice Variability in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(3):725-731. PMID 31759798.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31759798/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.10.014)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
35. Cassar-Gheiti AJ, Jamieson PS, Radi M, Wolfstadt JI, Backstein DJ. Evaluation of the Medial Stabilized Knee Design Using Data From National Joint Registries and Current Literature. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(7):1950-1955. PMID 32224003.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32224003/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.02.026)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review · Subscription / not open access*
36. Cochetti A, Ghirardelli S, Iannotti F, Giardini P, Risitano S, Indelli PF. Sensor-guided technology helps to reproduce medial pivot kinematics in total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2020;28(3):2309499020966133. PMID 33146082.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33146082/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499020966133) · [Open-access link](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2309499020966133)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
37. Indelli PF, Morello F, Ghirardelli S, Fidanza A, Iannotti F, Ferrini A. No clinical differences at the 2-year follow-up between single radius and J-curve medial pivot total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of neutral or varus knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(12):3949-3954. PMID 32055879.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32055879/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05854-4)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
38. Lewis PL, Graves SE, de Steiger RN, Campbell DG, Peng Y, Hatton A, et al.. Does Knee Prosthesis Survivorship Improve When Implant Designs Change? Findings from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020;478(6):1156-1172. PMID 32324669.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32324669/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000001229) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7319368/) · [PDF](pdfs/2020_Lewis_PMID32324669.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
39. Risitano S, Sabatini L, Barberis L, Fusini F, Malavolta M, Indelli PF. Combining kinematic alignment and medial stabilized design in total knee arthroplasty: Basic rationale and preliminary clinical evidences. J Orthop. 2020;21:427-431. PMID 32943829.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32943829/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2020.08.025) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7479312/) · [PDF](pdfs/2020_Risitano_PMID32943829.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
40. Vecchini E, Berti M, Micheloni GM, Maluta T, Magnan B, Ricci M. Clinical and radiological results of a stemmed medial pivot revision implant in aseptic total knee revision arthroplasty. Knee. 2020;27(4):1190-1196. PMID 32711881.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32711881/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2020.05.018) · [Open-access link](http://www.thekneejournal.com/article/S096801602030137X/pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
41. Indelli PF, Risitano S, Hall KE, Leonardi E, Migliore E. Effect of polyethylene conformity on total knee arthroplasty early clinical outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(4):1028-1034. PMID 30328496.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30328496/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5170-5)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
42. Schütz P, Taylor WR, Postolka B, Fucentese SF, Koch PP, Freeman MAR, et al.. Kinematic Evaluation of the GMK Sphere Implant During Gait Activities: A Dynamic Videofluoroscopy Study. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(11):2337-2347. PMID 31304995.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31304995/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24416) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6851890/) · [PDF](pdfs/2019_Schtz_PMID31304995.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF included)*
43. Dehl M, Bulaïd Y, Chelli M, Belhaouane R, Gabrion A, Havet E, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty with the Medial-Pivot knee system: Clinical and radiological outcomes at 9.5 years' mean follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2018;104(2):185-191. PMID 29274863.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29274863/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2017.10.016) · [Open-access link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056817303705/pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
44. Sabatini L, Risitano S, Parisi G, Tosto F, Indelli PF, Atzori F, et al.. Medial Pivot in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Literature Review and Our First Experience. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;11:1179544117751431. PMID 29326531.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29326531/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/1179544117751431) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5758963/) · [PDF](pdfs/2018_Sabatini_PMID29326531.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
45. Risitano S, Indelli PF. Is "symmetric" gap balancing still the gold standard in primary total knee arthroplasty?. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(16):325. PMID 28861422.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28861422/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.06.18) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5566740/) · [PDF](pdfs/2017_Risitano_PMID28861422.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
46. Risitano S, Karamian B, Indelli PF. Intraoperative load-sensing drives the level of constraint in primary total knee arthroplasty: Surgical technique and review of the literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2017;8(3):265-269. PMID 28951645.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28951645/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2017.06.004) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5605726/) · [PDF](pdfs/2017_Risitano_PMID28951645.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
47. Amin A, Al-Taiar A, Sanghrajka AP, Kang N, Scott G. The early radiological follow-up of a medial rotational design of total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2008;15(3):222-6. PMID 18280168.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18280168/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2008.01.004)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*

## 2. Medial congruent (MC) inserts

1. Alnemri AG, Turlip R, Thota P, Khela H, Gupta S, Sheth NP. Cruciate-Retaining versus Medial-Congruent Bearings in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparison of Ranges of Motion, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Complications. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(S1):S289-S293. PMID 41966864.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966864/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.038) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.038)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
2. Bahardoust M, Mohammadpour M, Gorgani H, Haghmoradi M, Fakoor S. Effect of preservation versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament on clinical outcomes after medial congruent total knee arthroplasty using mechanical alignment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(3):e70873. PMID 42549428.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42549428/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70873) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13431686/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Bahardoust_PMID42549428.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
3. Castoldi V, Salvi AG, Petralia G, Aloisi G, Valpiana P, Aprato A, et al.. Gait Analysis Study Comparing Unicompartmental vs. Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Knee Kinematics. Medicina (Kaunas). 2026;62(4):. PMID 42075520.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42075520/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62040648) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13118184/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Castoldi_PMID42075520.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
4. Courtney J. One-Year Functional Outcomes of Medial Congruent, Manually Instrumented Total Knee Replacements. Cureus. 2026;18(2):e104403. PMID 41913859.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41913859/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.104403) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13033378/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Courtney_PMID41913859.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
5. Garvin KL, Harrast JJ, Nelson CL, Jacobs JJ, Martin DF. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed in 2022 to 2023 by American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Certification and Recertification Candidates: Increased Use of Medial Congruent Prostheses and Robotics Among Primary Certification Applicants. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(2):437-442. PMID 40633850.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40633850/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.06.088)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
6. Goldstein J, Strecker S, Allen D, Witmer D. Comparison of Routine Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection vs Selective PCL Balancing Using a Medial Congruent Polyethylene in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched-Cohort Analysis. Arthroplast Today. 2026;39:102036. PMID 42182891.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42182891/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2026.102036) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13194181/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Goldstein_PMID42182891.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
7. Olson A, Snethen K, Siggelkow E, Bandi M, Silverton C, Frisch NB. Effect of Tibial Slope on Knee Mechanics for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Cruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2026;41:102092. PMID 42657229.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42657229/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2026.102092) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13508386/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Olson_PMID42657229.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
8. Pourmodheji R, Kahlenberg CA, Chalmers BP, Long WJ, Wright TM, Westrich GH, et al.. Biomechanical Comparison of Surgical Techniques to Compensate for Resection of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Medially Congruent Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(S1):S394-S399. PMID 42002431.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42002431/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.035)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*
9. Schrednitzki D, Sina J, Lamarche A, Meissner N, Halder AM. No clinical and functional benefit after medial congruent compared to ultra congruent total knee arthroplasty at 1 year: A prospective randomized controlled study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026. PMID 42290642.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42290642/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70482) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70482)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
10. Tsukada S, Ogawa H, Nakayama T, Minami S, Saito M, Hirasawa N. Restricted kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty using augmented reality technology to maintain limb alignment within targeted boundaries. Arthroplasty. 2026;8(1):. PMID 41761310.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41761310/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s42836-026-00371-0) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12949499/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Tsukada_PMID41761310.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
11. Baldini A, Ardiri D, Benvenuti L, Chirico M, Fiorilli E, Singlitico A, et al.. What Are the Game Changers in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Narrative Review. J Pers Med. 2025;15(8):. PMID 40863451.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40863451/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15080389) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12387230/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Baldini_PMID40863451.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
12. Burvil CCH, Linde KN, Stilling M, Hansen TB, Dalsgaard J, Rytter S, et al.. Similar fixation of total knee arthroplasty components with medial congruent and cruciate retaining polyethylene inserts. A randomised double-blinded controlled radiostereometry trial with 24 months of follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(11):3840-3852. PMID 40622067.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40622067/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12753) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12582241/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Burvil_PMID40622067.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Randomized Controlled Trial · Open access (PDF included)*
13. Guild GN, McConnell MJ, Najafi F, Naylor BH, DeCook CA, Bradbury TL. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Preservation versus Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sacrifice: Comparing Patient Outcomes in Medial Congruent Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2025;38(1):7-12. PMID 39102867.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102867/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2379-6488)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
14. Gunda B, Goldberg L, Alban A, Strecker S, McCracken C, Carangelo RJ, et al.. The Effect of the Design of Polyethylene Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty on Patient Reported Outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2025;9(5):. PMID 40359142.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40359142/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00075) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12063783/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Gunda_PMID40359142.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
15. Khoo KMS, Lee WC, Foong CMB, Kunnasegaran R. Medial congruent with posterior cruciate ligament resected achieves similar short term outcome as posterior stabilised total knee arthroplasty. Musculoskelet Surg. 2025;109(3):277-283. PMID 39572475.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39572475/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-024-00875-5)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
16. Kuljic N, Tyndall W, Thatcher M, Nickol M, van der Merwe JM. Comparison of outcomes between resurfaced and unresurfaced patella in total knee arthroplasty using medial congruent liners: A retrospective study. J Orthop. 2025;67:7-13. PMID 39872026.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39872026/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2024.12.016) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11763873/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Kuljic_PMID39872026.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
17. Musil P, Lehovec R. [One Year of Experience with Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty - ROSA System]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2025;92(5):282-287. PMID 41503663.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41503663/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.55095/achot2025/024) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Musil_PMID41503663.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · English Abstract · Open access (PDF included)*
18. Strait AV, Wilson EJ, Ho H, Fricka KB, Sershon RA. A Comparison of Medial-congruent, Ultracongruent, and Cruciate-retaining Bearings Using a Single Cruciate-retaining Total Knee Design. Arthroplast Today. 2025;32:101632. PMID 40018089.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40018089/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2025.101632) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11867298/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Strait_PMID40018089.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
19. Barahona M, Barrientos C, Alegría A, Barahona MA, Navarro T, Hinzpeter J, et al.. Anterior knee pain and sit-up tests predicts patients' satisfaction and improvement in quality of life after anterior stabilized total knee replacement without patellar resurfacing. J Exp Orthop. 2023;10(1):73. PMID 37493976.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37493976/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-023-00641-9) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10371966/) · [PDF](pdfs/2023_Barahona_PMID37493976.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
20. Indelli PF, Spinello P, Zepeda K, Campi S, Rossi SMP, Engl M, et al.. Correction to: Medially congruent total knee arthroplasty in valgus knee deformities yields satisfactory outcomes: a multicenter, international study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(2):413. PMID 34837112.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34837112/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06797-0) · [PDF](pdfs/2023_Indelli_PMID34837112.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Published Erratum · Open access (PDF included)*
21. Petersen ET, Rytter S, Koppens D, Dalsgaard J, Hansen TB, Andersen MS, et al.. Medial congruent polyethylene design show different tibiofemoral kinematics and enhanced congruency compared to a standard symmetrical cruciate retaining design for total knee arthroplasty-an in vivo randomized controlled study of gait using dynamic radiostereometry. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(3):933-945. PMID 35809105.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35809105/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-022-07036-w)  
   *medial congruent · Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
22. Rajgopal A, Kumar S, Singh MK, Aggarwal K. PCL retention demonstrates better functional scores and gait patterns in total knee arthroplasty using a medial congruent insert-a prospective study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(11):4741-4746. PMID 37393561.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37393561/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07499-5)  
   *medial congruent · Subscription / not open access*
23. Tsai YL, Tsai SHL, Lin CH, Lin CR, Hu CC. The Effect of Congruent Tibial Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Life (Basel). 2023;13(9):. PMID 37763345.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37763345/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091942) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10532924/) · [PDF](pdfs/2023_Tsai_PMID37763345.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
24. Frye BM, Patton C, Kinney JA, Murphy TR, Klein AE, Dietz MJ. A Medial Congruent Polyethylene Offers Satisfactory Early Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2021;7:243-249.e0. PMID 33786348.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33786348/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2020.11.003) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7987930/) · [PDF](pdfs/2021_Frye_PMID33786348.pdf)  
   *medial congruent · Open access (PDF included)*
25. Tsubosaka M, Ishida K, Kodato K, Shibanuma N, Hayashi S, Kurosaka M, et al.. Mid-flexion stability in the anteroposterior plane is achieved with a medial congruent insert in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29(2):467-473. PMID 32157363.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157363/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05927-4)  
   *medial congruent · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
26. Willing R, Walker PS. Measuring the sensitivity of total knee replacement kinematics and laxity to soft tissue imbalances. J Biomech. 2018;77:62-68. PMID 30078414.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30078414/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.06.019)  
   *medial congruent · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*

## 3. Medial pivot, medially stabilized, and ball-in-socket designs

1. Akagawa M, Berebichez-Fridman R, Villet L, Rivière C. No significant association between quadriceps tendon alignment and 1-year patient-reported outcomes following physiological total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026. PMID 41603565.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41603565/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70310)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
2. Barone A, Deckard ER, Buller LT, Luo TD, Banks SA, Meding JB, et al.. Lateral-Conforming Dual-Pivot Versus Nonconforming Anterior-Stabilized Bearings in Valgus Knees Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(S1):S294-S301. PMID 41974209.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41974209/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.04.012)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
3. Baré J, Bradley L, Brighton R, Talbot S, Wood D. Improved Pain and Function, Low Complication Rates, and 95% Patient Satisfaction at 2 Years After Medially Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Arthroplast Today. 2026;40:102051. PMID 42633384.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42633384/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2026.102051) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13499489/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Bar_PMID42633384.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
4. Boot MR, van de Groes SAW, Tanck E, Janssen D. Variability in knee pivoting behavior and condylar translation: Insights from a dynamic CT study. Knee. 2026;62:104490. PMID 42142469.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42142469/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2026.104490) · [Open-access link](https://www.thekneejournal.com/article/S0968-0160(26)00170-5/pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
5. Bru F, Engseth LHW, Pripp AH, Schulz A, Aae TF, Husby VS, et al.. Dose reduction does not impact precision of CT-RSA in tibial components in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2026;21(1):. PMID 41840645.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41840645/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-026-06801-8) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13261921/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Bru_PMID41840645.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Randomized Controlled Trial · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
6. Cacciola G, Bosco F, De Meo F, Bruschetta A, Cobisi CD, Cavaliere P. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty with a medial pivot design for aseptic failure. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(3):e70847. PMID 42549303.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42549303/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70847) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13431682/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Cacciola_PMID42549303.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
7. Demeulenaere M, Taylan O, Biały M, Van de Vyver A, Louwagie T, Peersman G, et al.. Concurrent validation of a novel intraoperative navigation platform for total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2026;146(1):. PMID 41902942.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41902942/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-026-06265-9) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13032992/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Demeulenaere_PMID41902942.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Validation Study · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
8. Franceschetti E, Giurazza G, Campi S, Cardinale ME, Tanzilli A, Gregori P, et al.. Off-the-shelf femoral components consistently understuff the anterior compartment in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty: A prospective observational analysis from the FP-UCBM knee study group. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(2):e70573. PMID 42006232.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42006232/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70573) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13086619/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Franceschetti_PMID42006232.pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Open access (PDF included)*
9. Hamaoka K, Ikeda Y, Okada Y, Kamiya T, Horita K, Emori M, et al.. Posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty using the pre-cut technique achieves mid-flexion stability, but yields only a 50 % medial-pivot pattern. J Orthop. 2026;72:371-375. PMID 41438232.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41438232/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2025.11.043) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721068/) · [Open-access link](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12721068/)  
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53. Utsumi S, Aki T, Mori Y, Kamimura M, Harada K, Sato H, et al.. Sagittal alignment changes predict patellar osteosclerosis after total knee arthroplasty without resurfacing. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(2):e70750. PMID 42255408.  
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54. Van de Vyver A, Taylan O, Peersman G, Demeulenaere M, Bialy M, Lauwagie T, et al.. Changes in kinematic behavior and collateral ligament strain after medially stabilized TKA using a novel intraoperative navigation platform: a cadaveric study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2026;146(1):. PMID 42201402.  
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55. Wong CK, LaCour M, Dessinger G, Komistek RD, Mak RW, Ng JP, et al.. Coronal plane alignment changes do not affect in vivo kinematics for robotically performed total knee arthroplasty. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(2):e70776. PMID 42255394.  
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58. Akase H, Miyazaki M, Hirakawa M, Nagashima Y, Matsuda S, Kaku N. Mid-to-long-term outcomes of posterior-stabilized type total knee arthroplasty in asian patients: A single-center retrospective cohort study. J Orthop. 2025;67:248-252. PMID 40519777.  
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59. Akhtar M, Howell SM, Nedopil AJ, Hull ML. Equivalent Six-Week Knee Motion and Patient-Reported Outcome Scores After Cementless and Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Kinematic Alignment Optimized Implant. Surg Technol Int. 2025;45:. PMID 40126872.  
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61. Alzarooni A, Ali RM, Aftab A, Vaja F, Abdulvahab M, Rajmohankumar V, et al.. A Comprehensive Review of Operative Considerations, Surgical Techniques, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Cureus. 2025;17(10):e94345. PMID 41220454.  
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62. Barroso Rosa S, Ismailidis P, Doma K, Grant A, McEwen P, Wilkinson M, et al.. Influence of Total Knee Arthroplasty Alignment on Soft-Tissue Balance and Pivot Patterns: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Kinematic Versus Mechanical Alignment. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(12):3155-3161. PMID 40482934.  
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63. Bauer L, Niethammer TR, Thorwächter C, Woiczinski M, Müller PE, Simon F, et al.. Improved quadriceps efficiency with a medial pivot in comparison to a cruciate-retaining design in total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(7):2527-2536. PMID 39949203.  
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64. Bosco F, Cacciola G, Masoni V, Burgio C, Carlino M, Centola M, et al.. Clinical outcomes of kinematically aligned medial pivot total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(3):e70348. PMID 40655242.  
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65. Brendle SA, Krueger S, Grifka J, Müller PE, Mihalko WM, Richter B, et al.. Constraint of Different Knee Implant Designs Under Anterior-Posterior Shear Forces and Internal-External Rotation Moments in Human Cadaveric Knees. Bioengineering (Basel). 2025;12(1):. PMID 39851361.  
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66. Cacciola G, Bosco F, Vezza D, Schirò M, Carturan F, Gazziero G, et al.. High coronal alignment accuracy and satisfactory early outcomes using augmented reality assisted kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(4):e70476. PMID 41164320.  
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67. Calanna F, Compagnoni R, Tanel L, Menon A, Maione A, Minoli C, et al.. Increased implant thickness in mechanically aligned off-the-shelf total knee replacement compared to bone resection. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(2):e70307. PMID 40510622.  
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68. Chi Wang PJ, Lee QJ, Law KW, Wong DW, Lo CP. Effect of Anatomic Joint-Line Obliquity Prostheses on Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Alignment in a Chinese Population. Arthroplast Today. 2025;36:101888. PMID 41229537.  
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69. Cooper L, Owen B, Soeno T, Wahl S, Stambough JB, Barnes CL, et al.. Early Improvement in Postoperative Clinical Outcomes without Patellar Resurfacing in Patella-Friendly Design of Medial Pivot TKA. J Knee Surg. 2025;38(10):512-517. PMID 39317204.  
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70. Datta S, Akram MZ, Tahir M, Arealis G. Comparative Analysis of Medial Knee Pivot vs. Post-stabilized Knee Implants in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Orthop. 2025;59(11):1861-1879. PMID 41245278.  
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71. Engseth LHW, Øhrn FD, Schulz A, Röhrl SM. CT-based migration analysis of a tibial component compared to radiostereometric analysis : one-year results of a prospective single-group implant safety study. Bone Joint J. 2025;107-B(2):173-180. PMID 39889761.  
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72. Ferrini A, Papalia GF, Giurazza G, Tanzilli A, Gregori P, Franceschetti E, et al.. Comparable outcomes with a potential functional advantage of PCL preservation in medial-stabilized total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the FP-UCBM Knee Study Group. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(4):e70455. PMID 41245707.  
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73. Fujii R, Takahashi T, Iguchi M, Takeshita K, Nakanishi K. Comparative outcomes of kinematically aligned TKA with medial stabilized design vs. mechanically aligned TKA with bi-cruciate stabilized design: A propensity score-matched analysis. J Orthop. 2025;63:196-200. PMID 40291606.  
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74. Girod MM, Mulford KL, Kaji ES, Grove AF, Saniei S, Ulrich MN, et al.. Influence of Robotic Versus Manual Technology for Achieving Sagittal Targets in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Cruciate-Retaining and Medial-Stabilized Implant. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(11):2887-2893. PMID 40398583.  
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75. Hammond J, Huang B, Nevins RT. Early Clinical Outcomes (ECO) in the Era of Rapid Recovery Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Comparative Evaluation of Three Bearing Surfaces. Cureus. 2025;17(2):e78398. PMID 40046351.  
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76. Hashimoto S, Oshima A, Takase R, Kakiage H, Ohsawa T, Chikuda H. Intraoperative medial pivot kinematics in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty are associated with a higher Forgotten Joint Score. Knee. 2025;57:378-386. PMID 41086554.  
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77. Hinkley JR, Nedopil AJ, Berend KR. An Insert Goniometer Identifies One Insert Thickness That Provides Maximum Tibial Rotation During Kinematically Aligned TKA Using a Medial Parapatellar Approach. Surg Technol Int. 2025;45:. PMID 39946751.  
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78. Holthof SR, Nejima S, Rock M, vanArkel RJ, Brivio A, Barrett D, et al.. Total knee replacement designs have differing stability under novel robotic testing method in vitro. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(11):3896-3905. PMID 40622086.  
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79. Hsu CH. Reconsidering Patellofemoral Outcomes in Medially Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Role of Implant Design and Rotational Strategy in Kinematic Alignment. Arthroplast Today. 2025;36:101895. PMID 41280516.  
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80. Indelli PF, Violante B, Skowronek P, Ostojić M, Bouguennec N, Aloisi G, et al.. The combination of a medial pivot design with kinematic alignment principles in total knee arthroplasty can ensure a closer to normal knee kinematics than combining mechanical alignment and more traditional implant designs: An umbrella review. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(3):e70358. PMID 40689102.  
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81. Innocenti M, Leggieri F, Civinini A, Martín Cocilova FN, Stimolo D, Civinini R. Long-term outcomes, satisfaction, and survival rates of a medial pivot knee design. Knee. 2025;56:258-266. PMID 40493985.  
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82. Iriuchishima T, Goto B. Radiographic evaluation of anterior tibial translation in the prone position after total knee arthroplasty: comparison of BCS-TKA and PS-TKA. Musculoskelet Surg. 2025;109(1):41-46. PMID 39026045.  
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83. Kakiage H, Hashimoto S, Takase R, Shimada T, Ohsawa T, Chikuda H. Comparison of intraoperative kinematics between cruciate-retaining and medial-stabilized inserts in total knee arthroplasty using a CT-free navigation system. Knee. 2025;55:55-61. PMID 40262258.  
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84. Khanuja HS, Buddhiraju A, Singh PP, Kagan R, Mont MA, Hegde V. Condylar-Stabilized Designs in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Classification System and Review of Outcomes. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(11):2876-2886.e6. PMID 40398578.  
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85. Khorrami AM, Rastegar M, Mohammadpour M, Firoozabadi MA, Mortazavi SMJ. No clinically meaningful differences between PCL preservation and sacrifice in medial pivot total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(4):e70559. PMID 41245705.  
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86. King SW, Silvestrini N, Lübbeke A, Pandit H, Miozzari HH. Does Alignment Technique in Medially Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Affect the Patellofemoral Joint Biomechanics and Patient-reported Outcomes at 1 Year? A Prospective Registry-based Cohort Study. Arthroplast Today. 2025;34:101750. PMID 40641830.  
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87. King SW, Silvestrini N, Lübbeke A, Pandit H, Miozzari HH. Response to: "Reconsidering Patellofemoral Outcomes in Medially Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Role of Implant Design and Rotational Strategy in Kinematic Alignment". Arthroplast Today. 2025;36:101896. PMID 41321912.  
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88. Kinoshita T, Hino K, Kutsuna T, Watamori K, Tsuda T, Horita Y, et al.. Posterior capsular release improves intraoperative flexion contracture without affecting knee kinematics in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. J ISAKOS. 2025;12:100848. PMID 40057306.  
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89. Kobayashi T, Kono K, Kage T, Yamazaki T, Yamagami R, Murakami R, et al.. Functional alignment maintains constant medial stability and a more distinct medial pivot pattern throughout flexion compared to mechanical alignment in medial pivot total knee arthroplasty. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(4):e70536. PMID 41245702.  
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90. Kowalski E, Catelli DS, Pelegrinelli ARM, Dervin G, Lamontagne M. EFORT Michael Freeman Award 2020: Knee biomechanics before and after total knee arthroplasty with either a medial pivot or posterior stabilized implants. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2025;127:106604. PMID 40602029.  
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91. Maeda K, Mochizuki T, Takagi S, Omori G, Yamamoto N, Kobayashi K, et al.. Image-free robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty is associated with joint line distalization and improves mid-flexion instability: A prospective cohort study. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(2):e70239. PMID 40226533.  
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92. Manara JR, Steer R, Whitehouse SL, Collopy D, Clark GW. Functional alignment restores native kinematics more consistently than mechanical axis alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2025;107-B(4):423-431. PMID 40164174.  
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93. Mancino F, Fontalis A, Plastow R, Haddad FS. A medial pivot kinematic pattern could be achieved in a significant proportion of patients with varus knees after primary total knee arthroplasty using functional positioning. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(3):e70343. PMID 40626187.  
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99. Ohyama Y, Minoda Y, Masuda S, Sugama R, Ueyama H, Terai H. Medial-pivot inserts are associated with less periprosthetic bone mineral density reduction than that associated with posterior-stabilized inserts with identical geometries for total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2025;57:387-395. PMID 41101037.  
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104. Rodríguez AO, Jagota I, Baré J, Shimmin A. Impact of changes in native coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS). A bilateral single implant study. J Orthop. 2025;65:64-70. PMID 39801902.  
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108. Steensen RN. The Benefit of Combining Kinematic Alignment and a Medial Pivot Implant in Total Knee Arthroplasty, The KA-MP Knee: Why and How. J Knee Surg. 2025;38(7):336-343. PMID 39999980.  
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116. Akhtar M, Howell SM, Nedopil AJ, Hull ML. Similar Recovery Rate for Patients Aged between 50 and 89 Years That Go Home on the Surgery Day and Self-Administer Their Rehabilitation after Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Pers Med. 2024;14(5):. PMID 38793086.  
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119. D'Amario F, De Berardinis L, Zanon G, Qordja F, Vitale U, Gigante AP. First Italian Experience with the Oxinium Metal-Backed Fixed-Bearing Medial Journey II Unicompartmental Knee System: Promising Short-Term Outcomes of 145 Cases. J Clin Med. 2024;13(5):. PMID 38592148.  
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121. De Groot JD, Brokelman RBG, Lammers PG, Van Stralen GMJ, Kooijman CM, Hokwerda ST. Performance of medial pivot, posterior stabilized and rotating platform total knee arthroplasty based on anteroposterior stability and patient-reported outcome measures; a multicentre double-blinded randomized controlled trial of 210 knees. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(5):2327-2335. PMID 38653837.  
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122. De Groot JD, Brokelman RBG, Lammers PG, Van Stralen GMJ, Kooijman CM, Hokwerda ST. Correction to: Performance of medial pivot, posterior stabilized and rotating platform total knee arthroplasty based on anteroposterior stability and patient-reported outcome measures; a multicentre double-blinded randomized controlled trial of 210 knees. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(8):3899. PMID 38896277.  
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123. Dubin JA, Hameed D, Bains SS, Chen Z, Monárrez R, Gilmor R, et al.. Cementless medial pivot design demonstrates equal or better outcomes compared to cementless cruciate-retaining design following total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop. 2024;50:65-69. PMID 38173828.  
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124. Ettinger M, Tuecking LR, Savov P, Windhagen H. Higher satisfaction and function scores in restricted kinematic alignment versus mechanical alignment with medial pivot design total knee arthroplasty: A prospective randomised controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2024;32(5):1275-1286. PMID 38501253.  
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133. Iwakiri K, Ohta Y, Minoda Y, Ueno S, Kobayashi A, Nakamura H. Comparative analysis of medial pivot vs. posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty in patients with valgus deformed osteoarthritic knees: a retrospective cohort study. Int Orthop. 2024;48(12):3067-3074. PMID 39352542.  
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182. Munir S, Suzuki L, Hellman J. The Early Clinical Outcomes Following Unrestricted Caliper Verified Kinematic Alignment Using a Medial Stabilized Design Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Cruciate Retaining Insert. Arthroplast Today. 2023;24:101250. PMID 37920544.  
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192. Takagi S, Blaha JD, Mochizuki T. Medial-Pivot Design Improved Knee Symptoms From Anteroposterior Instability in Early-Range Flexion and Resolved Anterior Knee Pain in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2023;38(6S):S284-S289. PMID 36958715.  
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194. Ueyama H, Nakagawa S, Kishimura Y, Minoda Y, Nakamura S, Koyanagi J, et al.. Long-term clinical results of alumina ceramic medial pivot total knee arthroplasty: a 10-year follow-up study. Arthroplasty. 2023;5(1):27. PMID 37202793.  
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201. Zou D, Tan J, Zheng N, Ling Z, Yu W, Liow MHL, et al.. Larger Medial Contact Area and More Anterior Contact Position in Medial-Pivot than Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty during In-Vivo Lunge Activity. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023;10(3):. PMID 36978681.  
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204. Bhattacharjee SK, Mehta A. Distal Femur Intraarticular Fracture in a Late Arthritic Knee Treated With Osteosynthesis and Computer Navigation Assisted Primary Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29102. PMID 36249628.  
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205. Broberg JS, Vasarhelyi EM, Lanting BA, Howard JL, Teeter MG, Naudie DDR. Migration and Inducible Displacement of the Bicruciate-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(2):252-258. PMID 34710566.  
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207. Dhaliwal A, Zamora T, Nedopil AJ, Howell SM, Hull ML. Six Commonly Used Postoperative Radiographic Alignment Parameters Do Not Predict Clinical Outcome Scores after Unrestricted Caliper-Verified Kinematically Aligned TKA. J Pers Med. 2022;12(9):. PMID 36143253.  
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209. Ghijselings I, Taylan O, Delport HP, Slane J, Van den Wyngaert H, Demurie A, et al.. Using a patella reduced technique while balancing a TKA results in restored physiological strain in the collateral ligaments: an ex vivo kinematic analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022;142(7):1633-1644. PMID 34216262.  
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212. Hoskins W, Smith G, Spelman T, Vince KG. Medial Pivot Designs Versus Conventional Bearing Types in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022;6(12):. PMID 36732308.  
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213. Iwakiri K, Ohta Y, Ohyama Y, Minoda Y, Kobayashi A, Nakamura H. Is medial pivot total knee arthroplasty suitable for patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis?. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2022;32(3):551-557. PMID 34043059.  
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214. Kage T, Inui H, Tomita T, Yamazaki T, Taketomi S, Yamagami R, et al.. In vivo kinematic comparison of medial pivot total knee arthroplasty in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing deep knee bending. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2022;99:105762. PMID 36148703.  
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216. Kim J, Park JH, Park JH, Son DW, Ahn JH. Prospective sequential comparison of femoral roll-back between cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty using an intra-operative sensor. Knee. 2022;39:253-260. PMID 36283283.  
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311. Arauz P, Klemt C, Limmahakhun S, An S, Kwon YM. Stair Climbing and High Knee Flexion Activities in Bi-Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: In Vivo Kinematics and Articular Contact Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(3):570-576. PMID 30514641.  
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312. Beach A, Regazzola G, Neri T, Verheul R, Parker D. The effect of knee prosthesis design on tibiofemoral biomechanics during extension tasks following total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2019;26(5):1010-1019. PMID 31402095.  
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314. Hall RK, Ewing JA, Beal MD, Manning DW, Siston RA. Medially-stabilized total knee arthroplasty does not alter knee laxity and balance in cadaveric knees. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(2):335-349. PMID 30456909.  
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316. Hosseini Nasab SH, Smith CR, Schütz P, Postolka B, List R, Taylor WR. Elongation Patterns of the Collateral Ligaments After Total Knee Arthroplasty Are Dominated by the Knee Flexion Angle. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:323. PMID 31799245.  
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317. Inui H, Taketomi S, Yamagami R, Shirakawa N, Kawaguchi K, Tanaka S. The Relationship between Soft-Tissue Balance and Intraoperative Kinematics of Guided Motion Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2019;32(1):91-96. PMID 29514366.  
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318. Iriuchishima T, Ryu K. Bicruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Stair Climbing Ability When Compared with Cruciate-Retain or Posterior Stabilizing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Indian J Orthop. 2019;53(5):641-645. PMID 31488934.  
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319. Kamenaga T, Takayama K, Ishida K, Muratsu H, Hayashi S, Hashimoto S, et al.. Medial knee stability at flexion increases tibial internal rotation and knee flexion angle after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2019;68:16-22. PMID 31141758.  
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320. Katchky AM, Jones CW, Walter WL, Shimmin AJ. Medial ball and socket total knee arthroplasty: five-year clinical results. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(1_Supple_A):59-65. PMID 30648493.  
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321. Key S, Scott G, Stammers JG, Freeman MAR, Pinskerova V, Field RE, et al.. Does lateral lift-off occur in static and dynamic activity in a medially spherical total knee arthroplasty? A pulsed-fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res. 2019;8(5):207-215. PMID 31214333.  
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328. Ng JWG, Bloch BV, James PJ. Sagittal radius of curvature, trochlea design and ultracongruent insert in total knee arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4(8):519-524. PMID 31538002.  
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347. Nizam I, Batra AV. Accuracy of bone resection in total knee arthroplasty using CT assisted-3D printed patient specific cutting guides. SICOT J. 2018;4:29. PMID 30009760.  
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363. Seito N, Onodera T, Kasahara Y, Kondo E, Iwasaki N, Majima T. Preoperative knee deformity and kinematics impact postoperative knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2017;24(6):1462-1468. PMID 28970121.  
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364. Takagi H, Asai S, Sato A, Maekawa M, Kawashima H, Kanzaki K. Case series report of navigation-based in vivo knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty with a gradually reducing femoral radius design. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2017;17:33-37. PMID 28392915.  
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371. Bae DK, Cho SD, Im SK, Song SJ. Comparison of Midterm Clinical and Radiographic Results Between Total Knee Arthroplasties Using Medial Pivot and Posterior-Stabilized Prosthesis-A Matched Pair Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(2):419-24. PMID 26482685.  
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373. Coraci D, Paoloni M, Coco S, Santilli V, Padua L. Letter to the Editor on "No Differences Identified in Transverse Plane Biomechanics Between Medial Pivot and Rotating Platform Total Knee Implant Designs". J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(10):2372-3. PMID 27167768.  
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378. Papagiannis GI, Roumpelakis IM, Triantafyllou AI, Makris IN, Babis GC. No Differences Identified in Transverse Plane Biomechanics Between Medial Pivot and Rotating Platform Total Knee Implant Designs. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(8):1814-20. PMID 26923498.  
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386. Kim JH, Yoo BW, Kim CW. Influence of the Rotational Alignment of the Femoral and Patellar Components on Patellar Tilt in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2015;27(3):163-7. PMID 26389069.  
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413. Barnes CL, Blaha JD, DeBoer D, Stemniski P, Obert R, Carroll M. Assessment of a medial pivot total knee arthroplasty design in a cadaveric knee extension test model. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27(8):1460-1468.e1. PMID 22906409.  
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414. Fitz W, Sodha S, Reichmann W, Minas T. Does a modified gap-balancing technique result in medial-pivot knee kinematics in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty? A pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(1):91-8. PMID 21984353.  
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424. Pritchett JW. Patients prefer a bicruciate-retaining or the medial pivot total knee prosthesis. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26(2):224-8. PMID 20932707.  
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429. Moonot P, Shang M, Railton GT, Field RE, Banks SA. In vivo weight-bearing kinematics with medial rotation knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2010;17(1):33-7. PMID 19631548.  
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432. Casino D, Martelli S, Zaffagnini S, Lopomo N, Iacono F, Bignozzi S, et al.. Knee stability before and after total and unicondylar knee replacement: in vivo kinematic evaluation utilizing navigation. J Orthop Res. 2009;27(2):202-7. PMID 18752279.  
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433. Hanson GR, Moynihan AL, Suggs JF, Kwon YM, Johnson T, Li G. Kinematics of medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty: an in vivo investigation. J Knee Surg. 2009;22(3):237-42. PMID 19634728.  
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439. Scott G. Letter to the editor: early outcome of TKA with a medial pivot fixed-bearing prosthesis is worse than with a PFC mobile-bearing prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):855-6; author reply 857-8. PMID 19096901.  
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449. MacAvoy MC, Ries MD. The ball and socket articulating spacer for infected total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20(6):757-62. PMID 16139713.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139713/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2004.11.014)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
450. Minoda Y, Kobayashi A, Iwaki H, Miyaguchi M, Kadoya Y, Ohashi H, et al.. Polyethylene wear particle generation in vivo in an alumina medial pivot total knee prosthesis. Biomaterials. 2005;26(30):6034-40. PMID 15893371.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15893371/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.022)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
451. Shakespeare D, Kinzel V, Ledger M. Achieving ligament stability and correct rotational alignment of the femur in knee arthroplasty: a study using the Medial Pivot knee. Knee. 2005;12(6):419-23. PMID 15967668.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15967668/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2005.03.002)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Clinical Trial · Subscription / not open access*
452. Dennis DA, Komistek RD, Mahfouz MR, Haas BD, Stiehl JB. Multicenter determination of in vivo kinematics after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(416):37-57. PMID 14646738.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14646738/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000092986.12414.b5)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Multicenter Study · Subscription / not open access*
453. Minoda Y, Kobayashi A, Iwaki H, Miyaguchi M, Kadoya Y, Ohashi H, et al.. Polyethylene wear particles in synovial fluid after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(410):165-72. PMID 12771827.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771827/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000063122.39522.c2)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
454. Mont MA, Booth RE, Laskin RS, Stiehl JB, Ritter MA, Stuchin SA, et al.. The spectrum of prosthesis design for primary total knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:397-407. PMID 12690866.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690866/)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Subscription / not open access*
455. Schmidt R, Komistek RD, Blaha JD, Penenberg BL, Maloney WJ. Fluoroscopic analyses of cruciate-retaining and medial pivot knee implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(410):139-47. PMID 12771824.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771824/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000063565.90853.a4)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
456. Akagi M, Kaneda E, Nakamura T, Ueno M, Yamanashi W, Miyajima H. Functional analysis of the effect of the posterior stabilising cam in two total knee replacements. A comparison of the Insall/Burstein and Bisurface prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(4):561-5. PMID 12043779.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12043779/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.84b4.12016) · [Open-access link](https://boneandjoint.org.uk/article/10.1302/0301-620X.84B4.0840561/pdf)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
457. Akagi M, Ueo T, Takagi H, Hamanishi C, Nakamura T. A mechanical comparison of 2 posterior-stabilizing designs: Insall/Burstein 2 knee and Bisurface knee. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17(5):627-34. PMID 12168181.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168181/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.32694)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
458. Anderson MJ, Becker DL, Kieckbusch T. Patellofemoral complications after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of 2 different implant designs. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17(4):422-6. PMID 12066270.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066270/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.32173)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
459. Blaha JD. A medial pivot geometry. Orthopedics. 2002;25(9):963-4. PMID 12269430.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12269430/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20020901-32)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
460. Kuster MS. Exercise recommendations after total joint replacement: a review of the current literature and proposal of scientifically based guidelines. Sports Med. 2002;32(7):433-45. PMID 12015805.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12015805/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232070-00003)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Review · Subscription / not open access*
461. Akagi M, Nakamura T, Matsusue Y, Ueo T, Nishijyo K, Ohnishi E. The Bisurface total knee replacement: a unique design for flexion. Four-to-nine-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(11):1626-33. PMID 11097454.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11097454/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200011000-00017)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
462. Sorrells RB. The Rotating Platform Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Surg Technol Int. 2000;IX:245-251. PMID 12219304.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12219304/)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
463. Sorrells RB. The rotating platform mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty. Surg Technol Int. 2000;9:245-51. PMID 21136412.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21136412/)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*
464. Akagi M, Ueo T, Matsusue Y, Akiyama H, Nakamura T. Improved range of flexion after total knee arthroplasty. The total condylar knee versus the KU knee. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1997;56(4):225-32. PMID 9438085.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9438085/)  
   *medial pivot / medial stabilized / ball-in-socket · Subscription / not open access*

## 4. Constrained inserts (varus-valgus constrained, constrained condylar, semi-constrained)

1. Aastroem KIM, Shah RP, Ferrara JAR, Whitmer LC, Geller JA, Kolodychuk NL. A Comparative Analysis of Robotic-Assisted and Manual Techniques for Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty Conversion to Total Knee Arthroplasty: Revision Component Use, Surgical Time, and Cost. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 42520995.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42520995/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.07.034)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
2. Alpert Z, Khury F, Sauder N, Lam AD, Laudes G, Melnic CM, et al.. Mid-term outcomes of a novel liner design in kinematically-designed cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. World J Orthop. 2026;17(1):110090. PMID 41608497.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41608497/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i1.110090) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12836090/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Alpert_PMID41608497.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
3. Birinci M, Çaçan MA, Hakyemez ÖS, Korkmaz O, Uzel K, Kara A, et al.. Evaluation of Intraoperative and Early Postoperative Periprosthetic Fractures Following Total Knee Arthroplasty and Identification of Contributing Risk Factors. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41534618.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41534618/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.01.022)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
4. Bishi H, Afzal I, Wang C, Stammers J, Madanipour S, Radha S, et al.. Rotating Hinge Knee Versus Constrained Condylar Knee Revision: A Single Centre, Retrospective Comparative Study. Cureus. 2026;18(7):e112443. PMID 42577997.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42577997/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.112443) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13456134/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Bishi_PMID42577997.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
5. Brendler J, Impieri L, Linhart C, Najfeld M, Hube R, Pfeufer D. Implant selection and causes of aseptic failure in conversion from unicompartmental to total knee arthroplasty: A high-volume centre series. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(1):e70680. PMID 41768534.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41768534/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70680) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12949606/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Brendler_PMID41768534.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
6. Clarke ZH, Parks NL, Ray JR, Fricka KB. Varus/Valgus or Hinge Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications and Outcomes of Planned and Unplanned Use. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41740814.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41740814/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.02.029)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
7. Kelly MP, Prentice HA, Fasig BH, Sheth DS, Reddy NC, Khatod M, et al.. Survivorship and Cause-Specific Revision Risk Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Newer Versus Older Generation Implant System From the Same Manufacturer. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(4):1139-1146. PMID 40865698.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40865698/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.08.059)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
8. Liu G, Gao D, Hu W, Liu Q, Liu P, Zhang Y, et al.. A Combined Posterior Stable Prosthesis and Medial Condylar Sliding Osteotomy Technique for Kashin-Beck Osteoarthritis. J Vis Exp. 2026;(232):. PMID 42330122.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42330122/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3791/69689)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Video-Audio Media; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
9. Ma J, Liu H, Wan C, Zhang R, Chai X, Li A, et al.. [Two case reports of Charcot arthopathy treated with legacy constrained condylar knee prosthesis]. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2026;39(3):309-13. PMID 41930393.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41930393/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.20240977)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
10. Palanisami D, Mohammed Khan S, Natesan R, Dhanasekaran S, Rajasekaran RB, Kishore Gopisetty C, et al.. Zonal Fixation With Metaphyseal Sleeves in Reconstruction of Bone Defects in Complex Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41690484.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41690484/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.02.002)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
11. Raj S, Ksheerasagar VP, Shah A, Das S, Goni VG. A Case of Catastrophic Failure of Tibial Component with Extensive Metallosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2026;16(9):95-98. PMID 42713098.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42713098/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i09.7998) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13552043/) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i09.7998)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Case Reports · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
12. Song SJ, Kim MS, Park CH. Thick metal augmentation is associated with inferior implant survival compared with structural allografts in Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute Type 2A uncontained medial tibial bone loss. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2026:104783. PMID 42435842.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42435842/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2026.104783)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
13. Tyas B, Hewitt C, Deehan D, Baker P. Condylar-constrained prostheses are associated with favourable implant survival following first-time aseptic revision knee arthroplasty: An analysis from the National Joint Registry. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026. PMID 42517199.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42517199/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70548)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
14. Wang E, Jefree RA, Yam MGJ, Thwin L. Constraint implant decision-making in robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty: A comparative study of surgeon prediction and intraoperative outcomes. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2026;78:103464. PMID 42111908.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42111908/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2026.103464) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13156773/) · [Open-access link](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13156773/)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
15. Wu X, Li Z, Zhu F, Kang R, Zhang T, Li W. Total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformity correction using "inverted cruciform release": technique and outcomes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2026. PMID 42393648.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42393648/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-026-10136-0) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-026-10136-0)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
16. Zhao X, Wu H, Jiang J, Yan S, Li S. A Rare Pseudoaneurysm of the Popliteal Artery Induced by Acute-Phase Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report and Literature Review. Orthop Surg. 2026;18(9):1828-1837. PMID 42580847.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42580847/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70376) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13461307/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Zhao_PMID42580847.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Case Reports; Review · Open access (PDF included)*
17. Albertson B, Kurnik C, Curtis W, O'Hora J, Ludwig T, Shultz C, et al.. History of knee dislocation is associated with longer operative times and higher constraint in total knee arthroplasty: a matched cohort analysis. Knee. 2025;57:12-18. PMID 40803096.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803096/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2025.07.015)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
18. Andriollo L, Benazzo F, Cinelli V, Sangaletti R, Velluto C, Rossi SMP. The use of an imageless robotic system in revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(5):1792-1803. PMID 39740128.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39740128/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12574) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12022834/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Andriollo_PMID39740128.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
19. Ang CPT, Ganthel K, Ho JPY, Devi K, Cheong JKY. The utility of robotic-assisted surgery in total knee arthroplasty for moderate and severe valgus deformities: a case series. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):145. PMID 39920761.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39920761/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05443-y) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11803977/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Ang_PMID39920761.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
20. Bakircioglu S, Bulut AM, Oral M, Çağlar O, Atilla B, Tokgözoğlu AM. The push-through total femoral prosthesis for revision of a total hip or knee replacement with extreme bone loss. Hip Int. 2025;35(5):493-501. PMID 39315519.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39315519/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/11207000241282111)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
21. Beckers G, Massé V, Barry J, St-Louis J, Isler M, Vendittoli PA, et al.. Clinical Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Hemophilic Arthropathy: A Prospective Study. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(1):102-110. PMID 39025278.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39025278/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2024.07.020) · [Open-access link](https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(24)00722-8/pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
22. Bhattacharjee S, Srinivasan A, Tripathy SK, Doki SK, Hota D. Efficacy and safety of pre-emptive tapentadol on pain control in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. World J Orthop. 2025;16(10):110233. PMID 41181035.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41181035/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.110233) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12576742/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Bhattacharjee_PMID41181035.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
23. Bockholt S, Gosheger G, Moellenbeck B, Schneider KN, Schwarze J, Theil C. Revision of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty-Not as uncomplicated as one thought? Analysis of survival and re-revisions from a single centre. J Exp Orthop. 2025;12(2):e70250. PMID 40256667.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40256667/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70250) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12007015/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Bockholt_PMID40256667.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
24. Clement ND, Yapp LZ, Scott CEH. The Estimated Lifetime Risk of Revision After Primary Knee Arthroplasty Is Influenced by Implant Design and Patient Age: Data From the National Joint Registries. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(6):1547-1553.e5. PMID 39631511.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39631511/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2024.11.054)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
25. Couch BK, Pfeil AN, Surnedi H, Mekonnen J, Patel A, Hryc CF. Early Perioperative Outcomes of a Newly Designed Metaphyseal Tibial and Femoral Cone in Revision Knee Arthroplasty. Cureus. 2025;17(11):e96239. PMID 41362545.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362545/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.96239) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12682348/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Couch_PMID41362545.pdf)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF included)*
26. Dundon JM, Brown N, Escobar J, Lombardi PM. Closing the flexion gap: Differences in femoral sizes, level of constraint, and joint anatomy between robotic assisted and conventional high volume orthopedic surgeons. J Orthop. 2025;70:220-225. PMID 40895363.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40895363/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2025.08.009) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12391486/)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Subscription / not open access*
27. Garrido-Hidalgo A, García Crespo R, Rizo de Álvaro B, Alcobía-Díaz B, Aparicio G, Marco F. Use of semi-constrained total knee arthroplasty in gonarthrosis with collateral ligament insufficiency: Clinical and functional outcomes. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2025;69(2):135-141. PMID 38642736.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38642736/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2024.04.003) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2024.04.003)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
28. Garrido-Hidalgo A, García Crespo R, Rizo de Álvaro B, Alcobía-Díaz B, Aparicio G, Marco F. Use of semi-constrained total knee arthroplasty in gonarthrosis with collateral ligament insufficiency: Clinical and functional outcomes. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2025;69(2):T135-T141. PMID 39653137.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39653137/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2024.12.007) · [Open-access link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2024.12.007)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
29. Goyal S, Landge S, Ambade R, Patel H, Lohiya A. Total knee arthroplasty in a non-ambulatory patient having bilateral knees ankylosed in 90° of flexion associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a review-based case report. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025;35(1):447. PMID 41182456.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41182456/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-025-04557-1)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Case Reports; Review · Subscription / not open access*
30. Greenberg A, Braunstein D, Abughaduma NR, Gross A, Safir O, Kuzyk P, et al.. Survivorship and Complications in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Constrained Condylar Knee Implant: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up Study. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(12):3240-3245. PMID 40447233.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40447233/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.088)  
   *constrained (VVC / CCK / semi-constrained insert) · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
31. Hippalgaonkar K, Jayakumar T, Rajeev Reddy K, Mulpur P, Kohli N, Reddy AVG. Varus-Valgus Constrained Prostheses in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study of Mid- to Long-Term Outcomes. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e78273. PMID 40026954.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40026954/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.78273) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11872043/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Hippalgaonkar_PMID40026954.pdf)  
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32. Jabalameli M, Askari A, Yahyazadeh H, Bagherifard A, Jabalameli M, Dolikhani M, et al.. Promising Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Varus Deformity with High Constrained Prosthesis: A Prospective Study. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2025;13(10):631-637. PMID 41180972.  
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46. Stroobant L, Marvellie A, Windels J, Vermue H, Arnout N, Van Onsem S, et al.. Instability after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment options and outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(11):3817-3839. PMID 40938882.  
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50. Wang X, Ma J, Zhang S, Tan R. [Application of femoral condyle sliding osteotomy in initial total knee arthroplasty]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025;39(4):425-433. PMID 40240037.  
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59. Call CM, McGrory BJ, Thompson EA, Sommer LG, Savadove TS. Treatment of Postoperative Instability Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Arthroplast Today. 2024;25:101273. PMID 38229869.  
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61. Cintra FF, Etchebehere M, Rached E, Cavenaghi G, Rahal PED, Pagnano RG. Revision knee arthroplasty using a modular system manufactured in Brazil. Clinical and radiographic results with a mean nine-year follow-up. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2024;79:100508. PMID 39369494.  
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62. Cochrane NH, Kim BI, Stauffer TP, Hallows RK, Urish KL, Carvajal Alba JA, et al.. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With an Imageless, Second-Generation Robotic System. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(8 Suppl 1):S280-S284. PMID 38355066.  
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64. Ekweariri N, White R, Brown N, Schmitt D. A rare case of taper junction corrosion in semi-constrained total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2024;48:46-51. PMID 38507890.  
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65. Franceschini V, Cavallo G, Lamberti A, Pastore F, Montenegro L, Baldini A. Epiphyseal fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty: a comparison between trabecular metal and titanium augments. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(11):4667-4675. PMID 38504019.  
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66. Gorur A, Czerwonka N, El-Othmani MM, Held MB, Neuwirth AL, Geller JA. Outcomes of Image-Free Robotic Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Valgus Knee Deformities. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(9 Suppl 2):S235-S240. PMID 38518959.  
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67. Hannon CP, Browne JA, Schwarzkopf R, Berry DJ, Abdel MP. Tips and Tricks to Save You During Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(9 Suppl 2):S26-S31. PMID 38823514.  
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68. Hippalgaonkar K, Rajeev Reddy K, Mulpur P, Jayakumar T, Joshi S, Reddy AVG. Mid-term Survivorship and Functional Outcomes of Metaphyseal Sleeves for Addressing Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) Type 2 and 3 Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. Cureus. 2024;16(9):e69381. PMID 39403644.  
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69. Jain K, Agarwal N, Singh J. A Case of Varus Collapse and Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty, after 12 Years of Primary Total Knee Replacement: Surgical Challenge and Bailout. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(9):49-53. PMID 39253682.  
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70. Jhurani A, Agarwal P, Sahni H, Ardawatia G, Srivastava M. Role and Results of Constrained Insert in Computer-Assisted Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Study. Arthroplast Today. 2024;27:101423. PMID 38946924.  
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71. Kabu R, Tsushima H, Akasaki Y, Kawahara S, Hamai S, Nakashima Y. Are asymmetric designs of tibial components superior to their symmetric counterparts for constrained condylar total knee arthroplasty using metal block augmentation?. Arthroplasty. 2024;6(1):54. PMID 39491023.  
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72. Kahlenberg CA, Kheir MM, Selkridge IK, Quevedo Gonzalez FJ, Chiu YF, Wright TM, et al.. Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluation of Mid-Level Constrained and Posterior-Stabilized Polyethylene Inserts in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 12,674 Cases. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(6):1518-1523. PMID 38103805.  
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73. Kanakamedala AC, Lin CC, Whalen RJ, Hackett TR, Provencher MT, Vidal AF, et al.. Combined Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction and Polyethylene Exchange for Valgus Instability Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthrosc Tech. 2024;13(5):102942. PMID 38835466.  
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74. LaCour MT, Dessinger GM, Haas SB, Komistek RD. In Vivo Weight-Bearing Kinematics for Constrained Versus Traditional Bicruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Cohorts Compared to the Normal Knee. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(6):1589-1594. PMID 38040066.  
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75. León-Román VE, García-Mato D, López-Torres II, Vaquero-Martín J, Calvo-Haro JA, Pascau J, et al.. Is a greater degree of constraint really harmful? Clinical biomechanical comparative study between condylar constrained knee and rotating hinge prosthesis. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2024;111:106149. PMID 37976691.  
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76. Onoi Y, Matsumoto T, Nakano N, Tsubosaka M, Kamenaga T, Kuroda Y, et al.. Mid- to Long-Term Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty for Charcot Arthropathy of the Knee. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58(3):308-315. PMID 38425826.  
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77. Panciera A, Colangelo A, Di Martino A, Ferri R, Bulzacki Bogucki BD, Cecchin D, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty in pigmented villonodular synovitis osteoarthritis: a systematic review of literature. Musculoskelet Surg. 2024;108(2):145-152. PMID 37338752.  
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78. Risager SK, Arndt KB, Abrahamsen C, Viberg B, Odgaard A, Lindberg-Larsen M. Risk and Epidemiology of Periprosthetic Knee Fractures After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(10):2615-2620. PMID 38759816.  
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79. Rossi SMP, Sangaletti R, Andriollo L, Matascioli L, Benazzo F. The use of a modern robotic system for the treatment of severe knee deformities. Technol Health Care. 2024;32(5):3737-3746. PMID 38251078.  
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80. Shahcheraghi GH, Javid M, Tavakoli A, Nirooei E, Momtahan E. Knee Arthroplasty without Metal Augmentations in Patients with Major Tibial Defects: A Retrospective Study. Iran J Med Sci. 2024;49(11):707-715. PMID 39678526.  
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81. Shiga K, Kaneko T, Yamamoto A, Amemiya K, Omata M. Failure of the Femoral and Tibial Components Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury After Robotic-Assisted Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2024;30:101523. PMID 39959373.  
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82. Soundarrajan D, Singh R, Rajkumar N, Dhanasekararaja P, Rajasekaran S. Clinical outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty in non-syphilitic neuroarthropathy of the knee. Int Orthop. 2024;48(10):2603-2608. PMID 38967647.  
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83. Soundarrajan D, Singh R, Venkataraman S, Dhanasekararaja P, Rajkumar N, Rajasekaran S. Prophylactic Common Peroneal Nerve Decompression Avoids Nerve Palsy in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Severe Fixed Valgus Deformity: A Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58(1):113-118. PMID 38161402.  
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84. Urbain A, Putman S, Migaud H, Pasquier G, Girard J, Dartus J. Long-term results (after a mean 11.3years, and up to 22years, of follow-up) of the Legacy Constrained Condylar Knee (LCCK™) in primary total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2024;110(3):103795. PMID 38081358.  
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85. Vermorel PH, Ciccullo C, De Berardinis L, Gigante AP, Neri T, Philippot R. Does robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty have a role to play in large deformities?. SICOT J. 2024;10:50. PMID 39570039.  
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86. Weiner TR, Crockatt WK, Shah RP, Geller JA, Neuwirth AL, Cooper HJ. Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty is Associated with Thinner and Less Constrained Polyethylene Inserts. Surg Technol Int. 2024;45:. PMID 39468989.  
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87. Yu H, Meng J, Xu Y, Xu K, Lin C, Bao J. Comparison of early curative effects of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with total knee arthroplasty and the legacy constrained condylar knee arthroplasty in the treatment of isolated lateral osteoarthritis: a single-center retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):597. PMID 39342362.  
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88. Yu M, Xu Y, Weng X, Feng B. Clinical outcome and survival rate of condylar constrained knee prosthesis in revision total knee arthroplasty: an average nine point six year follow-up. Int Orthop. 2024;48(5):1179-1187. PMID 38353709.  
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89. Abdelaal AM, Khalifa AA. Total knee arthroplasty post-high tibial osteotomy, results of an early experience from a North African arthroplasty unit, and a comprehensive review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):705. PMID 37730629.  
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90. Alpan B, Civan M, Eralp L, Özger H. Treatment of neuropathic unstable knee osteoarthritis by a condylar, rotating-hinge prosthesis with cementless pentagonal stem: a case series. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2023;108:108389. PMID 37348203.  
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91. Alqatub A, Hasan GA, Wahab MS, Katran MH, Wais YB, Masaoodi AF, et al.. Primary constrained condylar knee arthroplasty in severe varus deformity: a prospective 5-year functional follow-up study in Iraqi patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(3):459-463. PMID 36592240.  
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92. Ayati Firoozabadi M, Rezaee H, Ziaee O, Bagheri N, Mortazavi SJ. Treatment of Simultaneous Femoral Supracondylar Nonunion and Tibial Plateau Malunion along with Stiff Knee in a Young Patient: A Case Report. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2023;11(12):783-786. PMID 38146522.  
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93. Berger P, Shah DS, Taylan O, Slane J, De Corte R, Scheys L, et al.. Impact of increasing total knee replacement constraint within a single implant line on coronal stability: an ex vivo investigation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(4):2165-2173. PMID 35767036.  
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94. Colyn W, Neirynck J, Vanlommel E, Bruckers L, Bellemans J. Primary constrained-condylar-knee designs outperform posterior-stabilized and cruciate-retaining designs in high-grade varus osteoarthritic knees during short-term follow-up: a pilot study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(3):1593-1598. PMID 35486158.  
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95. Hecker A, Pütz HA, Wangler S, Eberlein SC, Klenke FM. Indications, clinical outcome and survival of rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty in a retrospective study of 63 primary and revision cases. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(5):1885-1894. PMID 35989369.  
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96. Ji B, Li G, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mu W, Cao L. Midterm Survival of a Varus-Valgus Constrained Implant following One-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Single-Center Study. J Knee Surg. 2023;36(3):284-291. PMID 34520562.  
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97. Kii S, Sonohata M, Mawatari M. Total knee arthroplasty for neuropathic arthropathy in a patient with leprosy. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2023;8(1):219-223. PMID 37862242.  
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98. Kwak WK, Seon JK. Comparison of Survival Rate between Posterior-Stabilized and Constrained Condylar Articulations in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-up Analysis. Clin Orthop Surg. 2023;15(4):589-596. PMID 37529200.  
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99. Laudren A, Delacroix R, Huten D. Is hybrid fixation in revision TKA using LCCK prostheses reliable?. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023;109(5):103583. PMID 36878283.  
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100. Maeda T, Matsumoto T, Fujita M, Tsubosaka M, Kamenaga T, Nakano N, et al.. Successful Total Knee Arthroplasty for Hoffa and Proximal Tibial Fractures: Report of Three Complex Cases After Failed Osteosynthesis Procedures. Am J Case Rep. 2023;24:e941187. PMID 37956116.  
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101. Maitama MI, Alabi IA. Preoperative percutaneous hamstring tenotomy in a patient with severe flexion deformity undergoing primary total knee replacement: Case report and literature review. Ann Afr Med. 2023;22(2):231-234. PMID 37026206.  
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102. Mei F, Li JJ, Lin J, Zhou D, Xing D. Constrained Condylar Prostheses for the Treatment of Charcot Arthropathy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Orthop Surg. 2023;15(5):1423-1430. PMID 36859755.  
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103. Moisan P, Barimani B, Al Kindi M, Mutch J, Albers A. Semiconstrained posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty: indications, risks and benefits in primary and revision surgery. Can J Surg. 2023;66(2):E103-E108. PMID 36882202.  
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104. Motififard M, Ravanbod H, Rahmati R, Saleki M. Pie-Crusting Technique of Medial Collateral Ligament for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Varus Deformity: A Systematic Review. Adv Biomed Res. 2023;12:138. PMID 37434940.  
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105. Omata M, Kaneko T, Amemiya K, Yamamoto A, Takada K, Yoshizawa S. Analysis of Gait Ability and Patient Reported Outcome Measurements after Robotic-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis of the Knee with Windswept Deformity. J Orthop Case Rep. 2023;13(3):1-7. PMID 37187816.  
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106. Rajamäki A, Niemeläinen M, Junnila M, Lehtovirta L, Karsikas M, Ponkilainen V, et al.. Thicker polyethylene inserts (≥ 13 mm) increase the risk for early failure after primary cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a single-centre study of 7643 TKAs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(3):1018-1025. PMID 36205761.  
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107. Robles EL, Linsley CM, Burge JR. Single staged buttress plating with constrained knee arthroplasty for distal femur fractures in the elderly. J Surg Case Rep. 2023;2023(12):rjad716. PMID 38164205.  
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108. Rosso F, Rossi R, Benazzo F, Ghiara M, Bonasia DE, Rossi SMP. Primary TKA in patients with major deformities and ligament laxities: promising results of an intermediate constrained implant at mid-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(5):2675-2681. PMID 35819516.  
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109. Sabatini L, Aprato A, Camazzola D, Bistolfi A, Capella M, Massè A. Primary total knee arthroplasty in tibial plateau fractures: Literature review and our institutional experience. Injury. 2023;54 Suppl 1:S15-S23. PMID 33583591.  
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110. Shichman I, Oakley CT, Beaton G, Anil U, Snir N, Rozell J, et al.. The impact of posterior-stabilized vs. constrained polyethylene liners in revision total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(2):995-1004. PMID 36178494.  
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111. Shon OJ, Kim GB, Kim HG. Preliminary outcomes following revision total knee arthroplasty using a new fixed-bearing revision knee system in Asians: a mean of 3-year follow-up. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):18. PMID 36609383.  
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112. Stroobant L, de Taeye T, Byttebier P, Van Onsem S, Jacobs E, Burssens A, et al.. Condylar constrained and rotating hinged implants in revision knee arthroplasty show similar survivorship and clinical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(12):5365-5380. PMID 37747534.  
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113. Vaziri AS, Moradkhani G, Karimpour M, Tahmasebi MN, Esfandiary S, Vosoughi F, et al.. Management of tibial nonunion and osteoarthritis using a 3D-printed titanium cone: A case report. Trauma Case Rep. 2023;48:100937. PMID 37810537.  
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114. Watts DT, Kendoff D, Sussmann P, Klauser W, Heinert G. A comparison of joint line height after revision total knee replacement using a rotating hinge versus a condylar revision knee system. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2023;47:102315. PMID 38196496.  
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115. Yan YJ, Jia G, Bai DW. [Value of personalized osteotomy in primary total knee arthroplasty for severe varus knee osteoarthritis]. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2023;36(4):386-92. PMID 37087631.  
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116. Batailler C, Foissey C, Fary C, Naaim A, Servien E, Lustig S. Similar kinematic patterns between revision total stabilized (TS) and primary posterior stabilized (PS) knee prostheses: a prospective case-controlled study with gait assessment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(8):2714-2722. PMID 33948674.  
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142. Zhang J, Matzko CN, Sawires A, Ehiorobo JO, Mont MA, Hepinstall MS. Adoption of Robotic-Arm-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated with Decreased Use of Articular Constraint and Manipulation under Anesthesia Compared to a Manual Approach. J Knee Surg. 2022;35(8):849-857. PMID 33389735.  
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152. Debbi EM, Alpaugh K, Driscoll DA, Tarity TD, Gkiatas I, Sculco PK. Rotating Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Severe Arthrofibrosis. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2021;11(4):. PMID 35693134.  
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158. Kaneko T, Igarashi T, Yoshizawa S, Takada K, Ikegami H, Musha Y. Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Distal Femur Fracture with Lateral Knee Osteoarthritis. Case Rep Orthop. 2021;2021:5576955. PMID 34007500.  
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160. Kumahashi N, Kuwata S, Takuwa H, Uchio Y. Total knee arthroplasty combined with medial patellofemoral ligament augmentation using a Leeds-Keio ligament for 'Windswept deformity' with ipsilateral valgus deformity and permanent patellar dislocation: A case report and a literature review. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol. 2021;26:53-57. PMID 34765458.  
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161. León-Román VE, García-Mato D, López-Torres II, Vaquero-Martín FJ, Calvo-Haro JA, Pascau J, et al.. The knee prosthesis constraint dilemma: Biomechanical comparison between varus-valgus constrained implants and rotating hinge prosthesis. A cadaver study. J Orthop Res. 2021;39(7):1533-1539. PMID 32881027.  
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162. Limberg AK, Wyles CC, Taunton MJ, Hanssen AD, Pagnano MW, Abdel MP. Varus-valgus constrained insert with posterior-stabilized femoral components in complex primary total knee arthroplasties. Bone Jt Open. 2021;2(11):921-925. PMID 34751585.  
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163. Mancino F, Falez F, Mocini F, Sculco PK, Maccauro G, De Martino I. Is varus-valgus constraint a reliable option in complex primary total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review. J Orthop. 2021;24:201-211. PMID 33746421.  
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164. Marya SKS, Singh C. Options and limitations of implant constraint. J Orthop. 2021;23:18-24. PMID 33424186.  
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165. Mathis DT, Lohrer L, Amsler F, Hirschmann MT. Reasons for failure in primary total knee arthroplasty - An analysis of prospectively collected registry data. J Orthop. 2021;23:60-66. PMID 33456217.  
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166. Morcos MW, Howard JL, Lanting B, MacDonald S, Naudie D, McCalden R, et al.. Outcomes of Stemmed versus Un-Stemmed Varus-Valgus Constrained Components in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Res Rev. 2021;13:9-13. PMID 33442305.  
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167. Moser LB, Prabhakar P, Hess S, Hirschmann MT. Diagnostic Algorithm in Patients with Flexion Instability after Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Clin Pract. 2021;11(3):687-693. PMID 34563013.  
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168. Pietsch M, Hochegger M, Djahani O, Mlaker G, Eder-Halbedl M, Hofstädter T. Handheld computer-navigated constrained total knee arthroplasty for complex extra-articular deformities. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(12):2245-2254. PMID 34255171.  
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169. Qazi AR, Iqbal F, Noor SS, Ahmed N, Uddin AA, Memon N, et al.. Impact of Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy on Final Outcome in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Our Experience and Technique in Pakistan. Clin Orthop Surg. 2021;13(1):53-59. PMID 33747378.  
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170. Roche M. The MAKO robotic-arm knee arthroplasty system. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(12):2043-2047. PMID 34757462.  
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171. Salari P, Baldini A. Revision knee surgery: the practical approach. EFORT Open Rev. 2021;6(6):495-500. PMID 34267939.  
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172. Takai H, Kitajima M, Takai S, Takahashi T, Katsura KI, Tokunaga M, et al.. Rapid Destructive Arthropathy of the Knee in Parkinson's Disease with Pisa Syndrome: A Case of Knee-Spine Syndrome. Case Rep Orthop. 2021;2021:6622445. PMID 34527382.  
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173. Taylor AJ, Carpenter W, Runner RP. Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty for Neglected Blount Disease Using a Gap Balancing Technique. Arthroplast Today. 2021;11:25-31. PMID 34430686.  
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174. Tuecking LR, Silligmann J, Savov P, Omar M, Windhagen H, Ettinger M. Detailed Revision Risk Analysis after Single- vs. Two-Stage Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Retrospective Tertiary Center Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(10):. PMID 34680758.  
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175. Worlicek M, Koch M, Daniel P, Freigang V, Angele P, Alt V, et al.. A retrospective analysis of trends in primary knee arthroplasty in Germany from 2008 to 2018. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5225. PMID 33664448.  
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176. Andreani L, Pianigiani S, Bori E, Lisanti M, Innocenti B. Analysis of Biomechanical Differences Between Condylar Constrained Knee and Rotating Hinged Implants: A Numerical Study. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(1):278-284. PMID 31473061.  
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177. Avino RJ, King CA, Landy DC, Martell JM. Varus-Valgus Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Short-Term Solution but Will It Last?. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(3):741-746.e2. PMID 31678018.  
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178. Cheung A, Yan CH, Chan PK, Chiu KY. The Medial Collateral Ligament in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(12):e510-e516. PMID 32097134.  
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179. Costa GG, Lo Presti M, Agrò G, Vasco C, Cialdella S, Casali M, et al.. Difficult primary total knee arthroplasty requiring a varus-valgus constrained implant is at higher risk of periprosthetic infection. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(12):3787-3795. PMID 31982919.  
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180. Dayan I, Moses MJ, Rathod P, Deshmukh A, Marwin S, Dayan AJ. No difference in failure rates or clinical outcomes between non-stemmed constrained condylar prostheses and posterior-stabilized prostheses for primary total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(9):2942-2947. PMID 31456063.  
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181. Green CC, Haidukewych GJ. Isolated Polyethylene Insert Exchange for Flexion Instability After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Demonstrated Excellent Results in Properly Selected Patients. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(5):1328-1332. PMID 31992529.  
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182. Indelli PF, Risitano S, Pipino G, Ghirardelli S, Violante B. Sensor guided unicompartmental to total knee arthroplasty revision: Surgical technique. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2020;12(4):8806. PMID 33569158.  
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183. Kim YH, Park JW. Long-Term (Up to 21 Years) Survival of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty with Use of a Constrained Condylar Knee Prosthesis: A Concise Follow-up of a Previous Report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(8):674-678. PMID 32028316.  
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184. Kohlhof H, Petershofer A, Randau T, Gravius S, Trieb K, Wirtz CD. [Use of an new modular revision arthroplasty system for the knee reconstruction]. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2020;32(4):309-328. PMID 32728790.  
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185. Lai MC, Chen JY, Liow MHL, Tay DKJ, Lo NN, Pang HN, et al.. Is constraint implant with metaphyseal sleeve a viable option for revision TKR with preoperative coronal plane instability and bone defect?. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2020;28(2):2309499020926313. PMID 32468930.  
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188. Lim JBT, Pang HN, Tay KJD, Chia SL, Lo NN, Yeo SJ. Increased constraint of rotating hinge knee prosthesis is associated with poorer clinical outcomes as compared to constrained condylar knee prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020;30(3):529-535. PMID 31844984.  
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189. Limberg AK, Tibbo ME, Pagnano MW, Perry KI, Hanssen AD, Abdel MP. Varus-valgus constraint in 416 revision total knee arthroplasties with cemented stems provides a reliable reconstruction with a low subsequent revision rate at early to mid-term review. Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B(4):458-462. PMID 32228079.  
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190. Lo Presti M, Costa GG, Grassi A, Agrò G, Cialdella S, Vasco C, et al.. Bearing thickness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is a reliable predictor of tibial bone loss during revision to total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020;106(3):429-434. PMID 32253136.  
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192. Mancino F, De Martino I, Burrofato A, De Ieso C, Saccomanno MF, Maccauro G, et al.. Satisfactory mid-term outcomes of condylar-constrained knee implants in primary total knee arthroplasty: clinical and radiological follow-up. J Orthop Traumatol. 2020;21(1):22. PMID 33263831.  
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193. Murer AM, Hirschmann MT, Amsler F, Rasch H, Huegli RW. Bone SPECT/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of loosening and patellofemoral problems after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(4):1029-1035. PMID 31263926.  
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194. Ng N, Patton JT, Burnett R, Clement ND. Sagittal alignment of the cemented femoral component in revision total knee arthroplasty influences the anterior and posterior condylar offset: Stem length does not affect these variables. Knee. 2020;27(2):477-484. PMID 31892431.  
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195. Reina N, Salib CG, Pagnano MW, Trousdale RT, Abdel MP, Berry DJ. Varus-Valgus Constrained Implants With a Mobile-Bearing Articulation: Results of 367 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(4):1060-1063. PMID 31826835.  
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196. Ren J, Zhang X, Wulamu W, Yushan N, Aaimaiti A, Cao L. Total knee arthroplasty with the least-constrained implant possible for type II valgus knee > 20°: a 3-14 years' follow-up. Arthroplasty. 2020;2(1):17. PMID 35236440.  
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198. Shibano K, Kunugiza Y, Kawashima K, Tomita T. Total Knee Arthroplasty with Concomitant Corrective Tibial Osteotomy Using Patient-Specific Instrumentation and Computed Tomography-Based Navigation in Severe Post-High Tibial Osteotomy Valgus Collapse. Arthroplast Today. 2020;6(4):742-746. PMID 32923561.  
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201. Sumino T, Tomita T, Sugamoto K, Yamazaki T, Okazaki K. Semi-constrained posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty reproduces natural deep knee bending kinematics. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):107. PMID 32066423.  
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202. Thiengwittayaporn S, Hongku N, Uawisetwathana U, Sansawat P. When to Use a Condylar Constrained Insert in Non-Stemmed Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12(4):448-455. PMID 33274021.  
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203. Warschawski Y, Garceau S, Frenkel Rutenberg T, Dahduli O, Wolfstadt J, Backstein D. Revision total knee arthroplasty for patellar dislocation in patients with malrotated TKA components. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020;140(6):777-783. PMID 32372239.  
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204. Yoshikawa R, Kitagawa A, Inokuchi T, Shima N, Hashimoto Y. Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Charcot Knees: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2020;10(2):9-12. PMID 32953646.  
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205. Badawy M, Fenstad AM, Furnes O. Primary constrained and hinged total knee arthroplasty: 2- and 5-year revision risk compared with unconstrained total knee arthroplasty: a report on 401 cases from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1994-2017. Acta Orthop. 2019;90(5):467-472. PMID 31210080.  
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206. Fujiwara T, Fujimura K, Hamai S, Kamura S, Nakashima Y, Miyahara H. Mid-term clinical outcome of constrained condylar knee prosthesis for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2019;29(4):596-601. PMID 29882689.  
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207. George A, Ofori-Atta P. Joint replacement surgery in Ghana (West Africa)-an observational study. Int Orthop. 2019;43(5):1041-1047. PMID 30680518.  
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208. Hermans K, Vandenneucker H, Truijen J, Oosterbosch J, Bellemans J. Hinged versus CCK revision arthroplasty for the stiff total knee. Knee. 2019;26(1):222-227. PMID 30415974.  
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209. Ji T, Yang Y, Li DS, Tang XD, Guo W. Limb Salvage Using Non-hinged Endoprosthesis and Staged Correction of Leg-length Discrepancy for Children with Distal Femoral Malignant Tumors. Orthop Surg. 2019;11(5):819-825. PMID 31489784.  
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210. Johnson DB, Triplet JJ, Gaines DR, Gupta A, Unverferth KL. Mid-term outcomes following primary semi-constrained total knee arthroplasty in patients less than 60 years old, a retrospective review. Knee. 2019;26(3):714-719. PMID 30902516.  
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211. Kornah BA, Safwat HM, Abdel-Hameed SK, Abdel-AAl M, Abdelaziz M, Abuelesoud MI, et al.. Managing of post-traumatic knee arthritis by total knee arthroplasty: case series of 15 patients and literature review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):168. PMID 31151399.  
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212. Kunze KN, Akram F, Fuller BC, Choi J, Sporer SM, Levine BR. Superior Survivorship for Posterior Stabilized Versus Constrained Condylar Articulations After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective, Comparative Analysis at Short-Term Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(12):3012-3017.e1. PMID 31378508.  
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213. Lenguerrand E, Whitehouse MR, Beswick AD, Kunutsor SK, Foguet P, Porter M, et al.. Risk factors associated with revision for prosthetic joint infection following knee replacement: an observational cohort study from England and Wales. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(6):589-600. PMID 31005559.  
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214. Li F, Liu N, Li Z, Wood KB, Tian H. Abnormally high dislocation rate following constrained condylar knee arthroplasty for valgus knee: a case-control study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):268. PMID 31443664.  
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215. Lim JBT, Pang HN, Tay KJD, Chia SL, Lo NN, Yeo SJ. Clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction following revision of failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to total knee arthroplasty are as good as a primary total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2019;26(4):847-852. PMID 31113700.  
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216. Park CH, Bae JK, Song SJ. Factors affecting the choice of constrained prostheses when performing revision total knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2019;43(8):1831-1840. PMID 30327936.  
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217. Röhner E, Benad K, Zippelius T, Kloss N, Jacob B, Kirschberg J, et al.. Good clinical and radiological results of total knee arthroplasty using varus valgus constrained or rotating hinge implants in ligamentous laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(5):1665-1670. PMID 30456570.  
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218. Samiezadeh S, Bougherara H, Abolghasemian M, D'Lima D, Backstein D. Rotating hinge knee causes lower bone-implant interface stress compared to constrained condylar knee replacement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(4):1224-1231. PMID 30039293.  
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219. Shah A, Lee SC, Ahn HS, Ong A, Jung KA. A novel technique of reshaping the post of a constrained liner to avoid post and primary box mismatch in a case of recurrent dislocation after total knee arthroplasty. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2019;29(1):221-226. PMID 29951744.  
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220. Stevens JM, Clement ND, MacDonald D, Hamilton DF, Burnett R. Survival and functional outcome of revision total knee arthroplasty with a total stabilizer knee system: minimum 5 years of follow-up. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2019;29(7):1511-1517. PMID 31129718.  
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221. Wada K, Hamada D, Takasago T, Nitta A, Goto T, Tonogai I, et al.. The medial constrained insert restores native knee rotational kinematics after bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(5):1621-1627. PMID 30382288.  
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222. Yao W, Dai H, Gui J. [Mechanical stress promotes cartilage repair in inflammatory environment]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2019;48(5):517-525. PMID 31901026.  
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223. Yoon JR, Cheong JY, Im JT, Park PS, Park JO, Shin YS. Rotating hinge knee versus constrained condylar knee in revision total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214279. PMID 30908538.  
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224. Yoon JR, Cheong JY, Im JT, Park PS, Park JO, Shin YS. Correction: Rotating hinge knee versus constrained condylar knee in revision total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0216004. PMID 30998776.  
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225. Alatassi R, Alattas MH, Koaban S, Abdullah S, Ahmed B. Posterior dislocation of a constrained total knee arthroplasty: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2018;34:50-53. PMID 30245814.  
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226. Bian Y, Wang H, Sun S. Taurine alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in the chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis. Redox Rep. 2018;23(1):118-124. PMID 29494284.  
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227. Burastero G, Cavagnaro L, Chiarlone F, Alessio-Mazzola M, Carrega G, Felli L. The Use of Tantalum Metaphyseal Cones for the Management of Severe Bone Defects in Septic Knee Revision. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(12):3739-3745. PMID 30266325.  
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228. Collier MB. CORR Insights®: Polyethylene Damage Increases With Varus Implant Alignment in Posterior-stabilized and Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(3):618-619. PMID 29443848.  
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229. Conjeski JM, Scuderi GR. Lateral Femoral Epicondylar Osteotomy for Correction of Fixed Valgus Deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Technical Note. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(2):386-390. PMID 28993079.  
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230. Cooper HJ, Moya-Angeler J, Bas-Aguilar MA, Hepinstall MS, Scuderi GR, Rodriguez J. Isolated Polyethylene Exchange With Increased Constraint Is Comparable to Component Revision TKA for Instability in Properly Selected Patients. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(9):2946-2951. PMID 29805104.  
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231. Ebied A, Zayda A, Marei S, Elsayed H. Medium term results of total knee arthroplasty as a primary treatment for knee fractures. SICOT J. 2018;4:6. PMID 29547115.  
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232. Ettinger M, Savov P, Balubaid O, Windhagen H, Calliess T. Influence of stem length on component flexion and posterior condylar offset in revision total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2018;25(3):480-484. PMID 29567061.  
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233. Farid A, Beekhuizen S, van der Lugt J, Rutgers M. Knee joint instability after total knee replacement in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: the role of insert changes as practical solution. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:. PMID 29666082.  
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234. Kinsey TL, Mahoney OM. Balanced Flexion and Extension Gaps Are Not Always of Equal Size. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(4):1062-1068.e5. PMID 29273291.  
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235. Konopka J, Weitzler L, Westrich D, Wright TM, Westrich GH. The effect of constraint on post damage in total knee arthroplasty: posterior stabilized vs posterior stabilized constrained inserts. Arthroplast Today. 2018;4(2):200-204. PMID 29896553.  
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236. Lee SA, Kang SB, Chang CB, Chang MJ, Kim YJ, Song MK, et al.. Does the severity or cause of preoperative stiffness affect the clinical results and range of motion after total knee arthroplasty?. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0205168. PMID 30308050.  
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237. Lee SH, Noh SH, Chun KC, Han JK, Chun CH. A case of bilateral revision total knee arthroplasty using distal femoral allograft-prosthesis composite and femoral head allografting at the tibial site with a varus-valgus constrained prosthesis: ten-year follow up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):69. PMID 29499681.  
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238. Martín-Hernández C, Floría-Arnal LJ, Gómez-Blasco A, Hernández-Fernández A, Pinilla-Gracia C, Rodríguez-Nogué L, et al.. Metaphyseal sleeves as the primary implant for the management of bone defects in total knee arthroplasty after post-traumatic knee arthritis. Knee. 2018;25(4):669-675. PMID 29925479.  
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239. Nascimento G, Silva C, Marques R, Silva C, Oliveira JF, Santos J, et al.. Periprosthetic pathologic fracture following tibial Echinoccocosis: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;51:231-236. PMID 30216900.  
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240. Pang HN, Bin Abd Razak HR, Jamieson P, Teeter MG, Naudie DDR, MacDonald SJ. Corrigendum to 'Factors Affecting Wear of Constrained Polyethylene Tibial Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty' [Journal of Arthroplasty 31 (2016) 1340-1345]. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(11):3593. PMID 30122433.  
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241. Pitta M, Esposito CI, Li Z, Lee YY, Wright TM, Padgett DE. Failure After Modern Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study of 18,065 Knees. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(2):407-414. PMID 29079167.  
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242. Puah KL, Chong HC, Foo LSS, Lo NN, Yeo SJ. Clinical and Functional Outcomes: Primary Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty Compared With Posterior Stabilized Knee Arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2018;2(2):e084. PMID 30211379.  
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243. Rai S, Liu X, Feng X, Rai B, Tamang N, Wang J, et al.. Primary total knee arthroplasty using constrained condylar knee design for severe deformity and stiffness of knee secondary to post-traumatic arthritis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018;13(1):67. PMID 29609637.  
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244. Tibbo ME, Chalmers BP, Berry DJ, Pagnano MW, Lewallen DG, Abdel MP. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Neuropathic (Charcot) Arthropathy: Contemporary Results. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(9):2815-2820. PMID 29706257.  
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245. Tsai SW, Chen CF, Wu PK, Chen CM, Chen WM. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Constrained Condylar Knee Prosthesis Combined with a Posterior Stabilized Articular Surface. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(2):197-201. PMID 28561156.  
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246. Westberg M, Grøgaard B, Snorrason F. Infection after Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty: Incidence and microbiological findings in 100 consecutive complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasties. J Bone Jt Infect. 2018;3(5):260-265. PMID 30662818.  
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247. Worhacz K, Jacofsky MC, Jacofsky DJ, Ahmed S. Comparing the Efficacy of the Total Stabilizing and Posterior Stabilizing Knee Prostheses in Obese and Preobese Females: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(9):884-888. PMID 29359299.  
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248. Adravanti P, Vasta S. Varus-valgus constrained implants in total knee arthroplasty: indications and technique. Acta Biomed. 2017;88(2S):112-117. PMID 28657572.  
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249. Amundsen S, Lee YY, González Della Valle A. Algorithmic pie-crusting of the medial collateral ligament guided by sensing technology affects the use of constrained inserts during total knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2017;41(6):1139-1145. PMID 28188394.  
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255. Goltzer O, Mroz TP, Temkit M, Clarke HD, Spangehl MJ. Preoperative radiographic valgus alignment predicts the extent of lateral soft tissue release and need for constraint in valgus total knee arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2017;3(4):303-308. PMID 29204502.  
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256. Hommel H, Wilke K, Kunze D, Hommel P, Fennema P. Constraint choice in revision knee arthroplasty: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of level of constraint on postoperative outcome. BMJ Open. 2017;7(3):e012964. PMID 28348182.  
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257. Kumar V, Pandit HG, Liddle AD, Borror W, Jenkins C, Mellon SJ, et al.. Comparison of outcomes after UKA in patients with and without chondrocalcinosis: a matched cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(1):319-324. PMID 25786825.  
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259. Li Z, Esposito CI, Koch CN, Lee YY, Padgett DE, Wright TM. Polyethylene Damage Increases With Varus Implant Alignment in Posterior-stabilized and Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(12):2981-2991. PMID 28822068.  
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261. Martin-Hernandez C, Floria-Arnal LJ, Muniesa-Herrero MP, Espallargas-Doñate T, Blanco-Llorca JA, Guillen-Soriano M, et al.. Mid-term results for metaphyseal sleeves in revision knee surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(12):3779-3785. PMID 27639879.  
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262. Mineta K, Okada M, Matsumoto S, Hamada D, Goto T, Sairyo K. Fracture of the Tibial Baseplate 16 Years after Miller-Galante II Total Knee Arthroplasty. Case Rep Orthop. 2017;2017:4080816. PMID 28593060.  
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263. Moussa ME, Lee YY, Patel AR, Westrich GH. Clinical Outcomes Following the Use of Constrained Condylar Knees in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(6):1869-1873. PMID 28189441.  
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264. Moussa ME, Lee YY, Westrich GH, Mehta N, Lyman S, Marx RG. Comparison of Revision Rates of Non-modular Constrained Versus Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study. HSS J. 2017;13(1):61-65. PMID 28167876.  
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266. Sabatini L, Risitano S, Rissolio L, Bonani A, Atzori F, Massè A. Condylar constrained system in primary total knee replacement: our experience and literature review. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(6):135. PMID 28462215.  
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267. Sarzaeem MM, Omidian MM, Kazemian G, Manafi A. Acute Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Proximal Tibial Fractures in Elderly. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2017;5(5):302-307. PMID 29226201.  
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269. Wernle JD, Mimnaugh KD, Rufner AS, Popoola OO, Argenson JN, Kelly M. Grafted Vitamin-E UHMWPE may increase the durability of posterior stabilized and constrained condylar total knee replacements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2017;105(7):1789-1798. PMID 27192378.  
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270. Bali K, Naudie DD, Howard JL, McCalden RW, MacDonald SJ, Teeter MG. Comparison of Tibial Insert Polyethylene Damage in Rotating Hinge and Highly Constrained Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrieval Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(1):290-4. PMID 26253478.  
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271. Carbó E, Laguna R, Del Moral F, Barrientos J, Vaquero J. [Non traumatic posterior instability in primary total knee replacement and its revision]. Acta Ortop Mex. 2016;30(2):105-109. PMID 27846360.  
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272. Chun KC, Kweon SH, Jeong KJ, Kim KM, Chun CH. The Fate of Allogeneic Femoral Head Bone Grafts Using Varus-Valgus Constrained Total Knee Arthroplasty in Neuropathic Joints. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(12):2778-2783. PMID 27378646.  
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273. Deshmukh AJ, Rathod PA, Moses MJ, Snir N, Marwin SE, Dayan AJ. Does a non-stemmed constrained condylar prosthesis predispose to early failure of primary total knee arthroplasty?. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(10):3194-3199. PMID 25552405.  
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274. Donaldson JR, Tudor F, Gollish J. Revision surgery for the stiff total knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(5):622-7. PMID 27143732.  
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275. Feng XB, Yang C, Fu DH, Ye SN, Liu XZ, Chen Z, et al.. Mid-term outcomes of primary constrained condylar knee arthroplasty for severe knee deformity. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2016;36(2):231-236. PMID 27072968.  
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276. Ghosh KM, Manning WA, Blain AP, Rushton SP, Longstaff LM, Amis AA, et al.. Influence of increasing construct constraint in the presence of posterolateral deficiency at knee replacement: A biomechanical study. J Orthop Res. 2016;34(3):427-34. PMID 26267425.  
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277. Gil-Martínez P, Sanz P, López-Torres I, Arnal-Burró J, Chana F, Vaquero J. Influence of the cause of the revision on the outcome after revision knee arthroplasty with condylar constrained implant. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2016;60(3):184-91. PMID 26968375.  
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278. Girerd D, Parratte S, Lunebourg A, Boureau F, Ollivier M, Pasquier G, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty revision with trabecular tantalum cones: Preliminary retrospective study of 51 patients from two centres with a minimal 2-year follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016;102(4):429-33. PMID 27052939.  
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280. Jiang L, Liu YQ, Cui LG, Meng Y, Tian H, Zhang K, et al.. Evaluation of the Morphology and Function of Medial Collateral Ligament afterTotal Knee Arthroplasty with High-frequency Ultrasound. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2016;38(5):574-578. PMID 27825417.  
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281. Kim HJ, Kim YG, Min SG, Kyung HS. Total knee arthroplasty conversion after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: A report of three cases. Knee. 2016;23(6):1164-1167. PMID 27810432.  
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282. Lau AC, Howard JL, Macdonald SJ, Teeter MG, Lanting BA. The Effect of Subluxation of Articulating Antibiotic Spacers on Bone Defects and Degree of Constraint in Revision Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(1):199-203. PMID 26271540.  
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283. Malcolm TL, Bederman SS, Schwarzkopf R. Outcomes of Varus Valgus Constrained Versus Rotating-Hinge Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2016;39(1):e140-8. PMID 26730689.  
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284. Martin JR, Watters TS, Levy DL, Jennings JM, Dennis DA. Removing a well-fixed femoral sleeve during revision total knee arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2016;2(4):171-175. PMID 28326423.  
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285. Müller JH, Zakaria T, van der Merwe W, D'Angelo F. Computational modelling of mobile bearing TKA anterior-posterior dislocation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2016;19(5):549-62. PMID 26047039.  
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286. Nakano N, Matsumoto T, Muratsu H, Ishida K, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M. REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY USING THE MODERN CONSTRAINED CONDYLAR KNEE PROSTHESIS. Acta Ortop Bras. 2016;24(6):304-308. PMID 28924355.  
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287. Natoli RM, Nypaver CM, Schiff AP, Hopkinson WJ, Rees HW. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Blount Disease or Blount-Like Deformity. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(1):124-7. PMID 26235520.  
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288. Pang HN, Bin Abd Razak HR, Jamieson P, Teeter MG, Naudie DDR, MacDonald SJ. Factors Affecting Wear of Constrained Polyethylene Tibial Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(6):1340-1345. PMID 26777549.  
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289. Ro du H, Cho Y, Lee S, Chung KY, Kim SH, Lee YM, et al.. Extent of vertical cementing as a predictive factor for radiolucency in revision total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(8):2710-7. PMID 26831861.  
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290. Ruel A, Ortiz P, Westrich G. Five year survivorship of primary non-modular stemless constrained knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2016;23(4):716-8. PMID 26846464.  
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291. Siqueira MB, Haller K, Mulder A, Goldblum AS, Klika AK, Barsoum WK. Outcomes of Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries during Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2016;29(1):68-73. PMID 25322461.  
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292. Toliopoulos P, LeBlanc MA, Hutt J, Lavigne M, Desmeules F, Vendittoli PA. Anatomic Versus Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty for Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Revision. Open Orthop J. 2016;10:357-63. PMID 27563365.  
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293. Tripathi MS, Heinle CC, Manaqibwala MI, Tria AJ. The Utility of Increased Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Obese Patients. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016;47(1):51-5. PMID 26614920.  
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294. Wang X, Malik A, Bartel DL, Wright TM, Padgett DE. Load Sharing Among Collateral Ligaments, Articular Surfaces, and the Tibial Post in Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty. J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(8):. PMID 27223672.  
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295. Xia Z, Ma P, Wu N, Su X, Chen J, Jiang C, et al.. Altered function in cartilage derived mesenchymal stem cell leads to OA-related cartilage erosion. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8(2):433-46. PMID 27158337.  
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298. Öztürk A, Akalin Y, Çevik N, Akça MÇ. Simultaneous posterior dislocation of primary total knee arthroplasty with ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture: A case report and review of literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2016;7(Suppl 1):58-60. PMID 28018074.  
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299. Camera A, Biggi S, Cattaneo G, Brusaferri G. Ten-Year Results of Primary and Revision Condylar-Constrained Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Coronal Plane Instability. Open Orthop J. 2015;9:379-89. PMID 26401160.  
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301. Cline JT, Alentorn-Geli E, Choi JH, Stuart JJ, Kruger T, Moorman Iii CT. Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Alone Using a Fibular-Based Technique in a Patient with Persistent Unstable Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. Case Rep Orthop. 2015;2015:262187. PMID 26881160.  
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304. Kim YH, Park JW, Kim JS, Oh HK. Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty with Use of a Constrained Condylar Knee Prosthesis. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(10):1804-9. PMID 25953383.  
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305. Lachiewicz PF, Soileau ES. A 30-mm cemented stem extension provides adequate fixation of the tibial component in revision knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(1):185-9. PMID 24554459.  
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308. McNabb DC, Kim RH, Springer BD. Instability after total knee arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2015;28(2):97-104. PMID 25518877.  
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309. Nguyen LC, Lehil MS, Bozic KJ. Trends in total knee arthroplasty implant utilization. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(5):739-42. PMID 25613663.  
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310. Rawal J, Devany AJ, Jeffery JA. Arthroplasty in the Valgus Knee: Comparison and Discussion of Lateral vs Medial Parapatellar Approaches and Implant Selection. Open Orthop J. 2015;9:94-7. PMID 26157523.  
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311. Ross JP, Brown NM, Levine BR. Chronic Knee Dislocation After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2015;38(12):e1155-9. PMID 26652339.  
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312. Sanz-Ruiz P, Villanueva-Martínez M, Matas-Diez JA, Vaquero-Martín J. Revision TKA with a condylar constrained prosthesis using metaphyseal and surface cementation: a minimum 6-year follow-up analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:39. PMID 25888058.  
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314. Touzopoulos P, Drosos GI, Ververidis A, Kazakos K. Constrained Implants in Total Knee Replacement. Surg Technol Int. 2015;26:307-16. PMID 26055025.  
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316. Bloom KJ, Gupta RR, Caravella JW, Shishani YF, Klika AK, Barsoum WK. The effects of primary implant bearing design on the complexity of revision unicondylar knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(1):106-9. PMID 23707343.  
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317. Chun CH, Kim JW, Kim SH, Kim BG, Chun KC, Kim KM. Clinical and radiological results of femoral head structural allograft for severe bone defects in revision TKA--a minimum 8-year follow-up. Knee. 2014;21(2):420-3. PMID 23664427.  
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318. Deshmane PP, Rathod PA, Deshmukh AJ, Rodriguez JA, Scuderi GR. Symptomatic flexion instability in posterior stabilized primary total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2014;37(9):e768-74. PMID 25350618.  
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319. Durig N, Pace T, Broome B, Osuji O, Harman MK. Clinical Outcomes of Tibial Components with Modular Stems Used in Primary TKA. Adv Orthop. 2014;2014:651279. PMID 24669319.  
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320. King BR, Gladnick BP, Lee YY, Lyman S, Della Valle AG. Range of motion and function are not affected by increased post constraint in patients undergoing posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2014;21(1):194-8. PMID 23899650.  
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321. Kuriyama S, Ishikawa M, Furu M, Ito H, Matsuda S. Malrotated tibial component increases medial collateral ligament tension in total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2014;32(12):1658-66. PMID 25171755.  
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324. Maynard LM, Sauber TJ, Kostopoulos VK, Lavigne GS, Sewecke JJ, Sotereanos NG. Survival of primary condylar-constrained total knee arthroplasty at a minimum of 7 years. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(6):1197-201. PMID 24411081.  
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325. Rajani AM, Kumar R, Shyam A. Huge Subchondral Cyst Communicating with Medulary Canal of Femur in OA Knee-Treated by Extension Stem and Bone Grafting. J Orthop Case Rep. 2014;4(2):81-4. PMID 27298967.  
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326. Shen C, Lichstein PM, Austin MS, Sharkey PF, Parvizi J. Revision knee arthroplasty for bone loss: choosing the right degree of constraint. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(1):127-31. PMID 23743510.  
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327. Tao K, Zeng H, Xiao DM, Xiong A, Weng J, Kang B. Influences of IL-6R antibody on PMMA bone cement-mediated expression of OPG and RANKL in synovial fibroblasts. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2014;34(2):241-246. PMID 24710939.  
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328. Weiss RJ, Thorsell M, Stark A, Nyvang J, Hedström M. 2- to 9-year outcome of stemmed total knee arthroplasty. Similar failure rates in patients when used primary or as a revision. Acta Orthop. 2014;85(6):609-13. PMID 25238436.  
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330. Baier C, Lüring C, Schaumburger J, Köck F, Beckmann J, Tingart M, et al.. Assessing patient-oriented results after revision total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(6):955-61. PMID 24077758.  
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331. Farfalli GL, Aponte-Tinao LA, Ayerza MA, Muscolo DL, Boland PJ, Morris CD, et al.. Comparison between Constrained and Semiconstrained Knee Allograft-Prosthesis Composite Reconstructions. Sarcoma. 2013;2013:489652. PMID 23476114.  
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332. Farid YR, Thakral R, Finn HA. Low-dose irradiation and constrained revision for severe, idiopathic, arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(8):1314-20. PMID 23523206.  
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333. Lee JK, Kim SJ, Choi CH, Chung HK. Revision total knee arthroplasty using a constrained condylar knee prosthesis in conjunction with a posterior stabilized articular polyethylene. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(4):566-9. PMID 23146582.  
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334. Lee JK, Lee S, Kim D, Lee SM, Jang J, Seong SC, et al.. Revision total knee arthroplasty with varus-valgus constrained prosthesis versus posterior stabilized prosthesis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(3):620-8. PMID 22484419.  
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335. Pang HN, Yeo SJ, Chong HC, Chin PL, Chia SL, Lo NN. Joint line changes and outcomes in constrained versus unconstrained total knee arthroplasty for the type II valgus knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(10):2363-9. PMID 23322268.  
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336. Sarraf KM, Konan S, Pastides PS, Haddad FS, Oussedik S. Bone loss during revision of unicompartmental to total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of implanted polyethylene thickness from the National Joint Registry data. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(9):1571-4. PMID 23538124.  
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346. Nikolopoulos DD, Polyzois IG, Magnissalis EA, Bernard PF, Michos IV. Fracture at the stem-condylar junction of a modular femoral prosthesis in a varus-valgus constrained total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(6):1071-4. PMID 21866350.  
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353. Rapuri VR, Clarke HD, Spangehl MJ, Beauchamp CP. Five cases of failure of the tibial polyethylene insert locking mechanism in one design of constrained knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26(6):976.e21-4. PMID 20801615.  
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357. Demey G, Servien E, Pinaroli A, Lustig S, Aït Si Selmi T, Neyret P. The influence of femoral cementing on perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(3):536-41. PMID 20194310.  
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364. Nakajima H, Uchida K, Oki H, Yayama T, Mwaka E, Kokubo Y, et al.. Rapidly progressive neuropathic arthropathy of the knee in possible association with a huge extruded cervical intervertebral disc herniation. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30(6):811-5. PMID 19536541.  
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365. Shen H, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Chen Y, Wang Q, et al.. Intraoperatively-made cement-on-cement antibiotic-loaded articulating spacer for infected total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2010;17(6):407-11. PMID 20202852.  
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366. Springorum HR, Luring C, Beckmann J, Schaumburger J, Grifka J, Tingart M. Fatigue fracture of the hinge pin in a semi-constrained total knee arthroplasty: a case report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(10):1366-8. PMID 20563555.  
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369. Villanueva M, Ríos-Luna A, Pereiro J, Fahandez-Saddi H, Pérez-Caballer A. Dislocation following total knee arthroplasty: A report of six cases. Indian J Orthop. 2010;44(4):438-43. PMID 20924487.  
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380. Hanson GR, Park SE, Suggs JF, Moynihan AL, Nha KW, Freiberg AA, et al.. In vivo kneeling biomechanics after posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci. 2007;12(5):476-83. PMID 17909934.  
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384. Saldanha KA, Keys GW, Svard UC, White SH, Rao C. Revision of Oxford medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to total knee arthroplasty - results of a multicentre study. Knee. 2007;14(4):275-9. PMID 17524650.  
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410. Nagamine R, Miyanishi K, Miura H, Urabe K, Matsuda S, Iwamoto Y. Medial torsion of the tibia in Japanese patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(408):218-24. PMID 12616062.  
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412. Brilhault J, Lautman S, Favard L, Burdin P. Lateral femoral sliding osteotomy lateral release in total knee arthroplasty for a fixed valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1131-7. PMID 12463657.  
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460. Hodge WA, Chandler HP. Unicompartmental knee replacement: a comparison of constrained and unconstrained designs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(6):877-83. PMID 1634577.  
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461. Ivarsson I, Gillquist J. The strain distribution in the upper tibia after insertion of two different unicompartmental prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;(279):194-200. PMID 1600656.  
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462. Kraay MJ, Goldberg VM, Figgie MP, Figgie HE. Distal femoral replacement with allograft/prosthetic reconstruction for treatment of supracondylar fractures in patients with total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1992;7(1):7-16. PMID 1564468.  
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463. [No authors listed]. [Semi-constrained total knee prosthesis. Orthopaedica Belgica Congress, Brussels, April 4-7, 1990]. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991;57 Suppl 2:103-56. PMID 1686514.  
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464. Barrett DS, Cobb AG, Bentley G. Joint proprioception in normal, osteoarthritic and replaced knees. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(1):53-6. PMID 1991775.  
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465. Goutallier D. [Indications of prosthesis in the treatment of knee diseases]. Rev Prat. 1991;41(16):1472-5. PMID 1853111.  
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466. Gschwend N, Siegrist H. [The GSB knee joint: reoperation and infections]. Orthopade. 1991;20(3):197-205. PMID 1876401.  
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467. Kerboull M, Mathieu M, Evenat F. [Aseptic loosening of semi-constrained knee prostheses]. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991;57 Suppl 2:143-6. PMID 1792879.  
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468. Lemaire R, Gillet P, Rondia J. [Semi-constrained prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee following tibial osteotomy]. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991;57 Suppl 2:130-7. PMID 1792877.  
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469. Mazas F, Gabison M, Evrard J, Postel M, Kerboull M. [Septic complications in semi-constrained total knee prostheses]. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991;57 Suppl 2:147-52. PMID 1792880.  
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470. Plitz W. [Endoprosthesis of the knee joint: current status and trends]. Orthopade. 1991;20(3):164-9. PMID 1876397.  
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471. Cameron HU, Jung YB. Prosthetic replacement of the arthritic knee after patellectomy. Can J Surg. 1990;33(2):119-21. PMID 2268810.  
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472. Cameron HU, Jung YB. Hinged total knee replacement: indications and results. Can J Surg. 1990;33(1):53-7. PMID 2302602.  
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473. Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Christiansen SE, Ingerslev J, Sneppen O. Total knee arthroplasty in classic hemophilia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;(256):137-46. PMID 2114246.  
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474. Missenard G, Dubousset J. [Resection of the knee reconstructed with a massive prosthesis. Results after a 5 to 9 years follow-up]. Chirurgie. 1990;116(3):296-301; discussion 302. PMID 2279447.  
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475. Vince KG, Insall JN, Bannerman CE. Total knee arthroplasty in the patient with Parkinson's disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71(1):51-4. PMID 2915005.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2915005/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.71B1.2915005)  
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476. Cameron HU, Welsh RP. Potential complications of total knee replacement following tibial osteotomy. Orthop Rev. 1988;17(1):39-43. PMID 3174194.  
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477. Gschwend N, Ivosević-Radovanović D. Proven and nonproven facts in knee arthroplasty. Results with the semiconstrained GSB-prosthesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1978). 1988;107(3):140-7. PMID 3289526.  
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478. Jonsson B, Aström J. Alignment and long-term clinical results of a semiconstrained knee prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;(226):124-8. PMID 3335087.  
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479. Cameron HU. Role of total knee replacement in failed knee fusions. Can J Surg. 1987;30(1):25-7. PMID 3815176.  
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480. Freeman MA, Levack B. British contribution to knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;(210):69-79. PMID 3530580.  
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481. Olsen NJ, Ejsted R, Krogh P. St Georg modular knee prosthesis. A two-and-a-half to six-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68(5):787-90. PMID 3782247.  
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482. Bayne O, Cameron HU. Total knee arthroplasty following patellectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(186):112-4. PMID 6723131.  
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483. Ritter MA, Gioe TJ, Stringer EA, Littrell D. The posterior cruciate condylar total knee prosthesis. A five-year follow-up study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(184):264-9. PMID 6705356.  
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484. Röttger J, Heinert K. [St. Georg knee endoprosthesis system (slide and hinge principle). Observations and results following 10 years' experience with over 3,700 operations]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1984;122(6):818-26. PMID 6524030.  
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485. Besser MI. Bilateral Attenborough total knee replacement as a single procedure. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1978). 1983;101(4):271-2. PMID 6882167.  
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486. Gschwend N. Replacement arthroplasty of the knee joint: trends and treatment after failure. Can J Surg. 1983;26(5):407-9. PMID 6616357.  
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487. Cameron HU, Hunter GA. Failure in total knee arthroplasty: mechanisms, revisions, and results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;(170):141-6. PMID 7127939.  
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488. Goldberg VM, Heiple KG, Ratnoff OD, Kurczynski E, Arvan G. Total knee arthroplasty in classic hemophilia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63(5):695-701. PMID 7240292.  
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489. Miehlke R, Croon HW. Modification of the Sheehan knee arthroplasty for additional replacement of the femoropatellar articulation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1978). 1980;97(3):169-75. PMID 7447667.  
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490. Insall J, Tria AJ, Scott WN. The total condylar knee prosthesis: the first 5 years. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(145):68-77. PMID 535291.  
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491. Sledge CB, Ewald FC. Total knee arthroplasty experience at the Robert Breck Brigham Hospital. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(145):78-84. PMID 535292.  
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## 5. Related: hinged and rotating-hinge knees

1. Abdel Khalik H, Cruickshank M, Nadeem SM, Ade-Conde MA, Chalmers BP. Rotating Hinge Implants for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 6,554 Knees. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(7):2198-2211.e4. PMID 41161503.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41161503/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.10.057)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
2. Bouzid YB, Lamrani MO. Rotating-hinge arthroplasty for chronic posterolateral knee fracture-dislocation. Trauma Case Rep. 2026;62:101331. PMID 42088121.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42088121/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101331) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13137903/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Bouzid_PMID42088121.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
3. Chalmers BP, Afzal S, Bhatti P, Anatone AJ, Blevins JL, Debbi EM, et al.. The "Distal Femoral Replacement Downgrade": Technique of Using Bicondylar Femoral Cones With a Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty Revision in Patients Who Have Massive Distal Femoral Bone Loss as an Alternative. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 42269948.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42269948/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.05.076)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
4. Chen MY, Gu MY, Chu SR, Li C, Fu XF, Zhang K, et al.. Correlation Between Functional Scores and Objective Gait Parameters Following Rotating Hinge Knee Megaprosthesis Reconstruction. Orthop Surg. 2026;18(5):1042-1053. PMID 41885068.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41885068/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70300) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13139051/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Chen_PMID41885068.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
5. Dumaine V. Complications of distal femur megaprostheses. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2026;112(1S):104527. PMID 41173357.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41173357/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2025.104527)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Subscription / not open access*
6. Gao Z, Li T, Zhang T, Yang M, Zhou Y, Chai W. Mid- to Long-Term Follow-Up Outcomes of Single Design Rotating Hinge Knee in Infected and Noninfected Revision Patients. Orthop Surg. 2026;18(2):240-250. PMID 41521036.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41521036/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70233) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12862438/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Gao_PMID41521036.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
7. Han Z, Wang X, Dong Z, Li K, Li Z, Tian H. Traumatic Fracture of the Polyethylene Tibial Post in a Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Clin Case Rep. 2026;14(5):e72705. PMID 42148350.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42148350/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.72705) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13171720/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Han_PMID42148350.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
8. Lex JR, Entezari B, Backstein DJ, Wolfstadt JI. Reliable Outcomes Provided by a Rotating Hinge Knee Arthroplasty for Patients Who Have Moderate-To-Severe Arthrofibrosis. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(3):862-868. PMID 40714210.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40714210/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.041) · [Open-access link](https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(25)00905-2/pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
9. Li Y, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhang W. [The influence of articular surface conformity on the biomechanics of rotating hinge knee prostheses]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2026;43(2):235-241. PMID 42037325.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42037325/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.7507/1001-5515.202509058) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13112226/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Li_PMID42037325.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Open access (PDF included)*
10. Liu B, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhou F, Wang C, Li F, et al.. 3D-printed prothesis combined hinged knee arthroplasty in the treatment of critical-sized osteomyelitis-derived bone defects around the knee joint. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2026;27(1):. PMID 41943026.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
11. Makhdom A. Severe Bilateral Flexion Contractures after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Palliative Revision Arthroplasty Restoring Basic Function. J Orthop Case Rep. 2026;16(6):356-360. PMID 42273414.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42273414/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i06.7472) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13248567/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Makhdom_PMID42273414.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
12. Odgaard A. Are Indications for Rotating Hinges Too Constraining and Should They Be Loosened?: Commentary on an article by E. Bailey Terhune, MD, et al.: " Surprisingly Low Rates of Aseptic Loosening in 575 Rotating-Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasties ". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2026;108(16):1220-1221. PMID 41996477.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996477/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.26.00189)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
13. Philippeau JM, Mehdi N, Favreau H, Di Schino M, Dejour D, Huten D, et al.. French Innovations in Lower Limb arthroplasty that have Become "Gold Standards": an overview. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2026:104802. PMID 42498039.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42498039/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2026.104802)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Subscription / not open access*
14. Puri S, Bornes TD, Neitzke CC, Jones AD, Hamilton AA, Premkumar A, et al.. Survivorship and Functional Outcomes After Complex Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty With Contemporary Rotating-Hinge Implants. HSS J. 2026;22(1):50-56. PMID 39564407.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39564407/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/15563316241276869) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11572333/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Puri_PMID39564407.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
15. Regmi A, Baral S, Saini R, Jain VK, Sami A, Iyengar KP. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Postpolio Residual Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Its Outcomes and Complications. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41825494.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41825494/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.006)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
16. Sahu A, Sharma H, Asthana M, Ali A, Singh SP, Jajodia N. Severe Metallosis after Tumor Mega-Prosthesis: Revise or Retain? - A Case Series. J Orthop Case Rep. 2026;16(7):210-215. PMID 42428416.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42428416/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i07.7640) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13348310/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Sahu_PMID42428416.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
17. Sakuda T, Ae K, Tanizawa T, Hayakawa K, Saito M, Kurosawa N, et al.. Mid-term outcomes of cemented GMRS rotating-hinge knee prostheses for tumor reconstruction: A single-institution study from Japan. J Orthop Sci. 2026. PMID 42215321.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42215321/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2026.05.008)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
18. Sirka A, Lukoseviciute G, Kadusauskas T, Daublys D, Domeika A, Gudas R, et al.. Managing Knee Arthrodesis Conversion to Arthroplasty in a Young Patient: Surgical Strategy, Challenges, and Functional Recovery After 1 Year. Arthroplast Today. 2026;37:101943. PMID 41583606.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41583606/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2025.101943) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12828802/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Sirka_PMID41583606.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
19. Terhune EB, Carstens MF, Fruth KM, Hannon CP, Bedard NA, Perry KI, et al.. Surprisingly Low Rates of Aseptic Loosening in 575 Rotating-Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2026;108(16):1289-1296. PMID 41961950.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41961950/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.25.00837)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
20. Wegrzyn J, Saffarini M. A historical journey through total knee arthroplasty: the evolutionary milestones. Int Orthop. 2026. PMID 42566058.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42566058/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-026-06976-z) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Wegrzyn_PMID42566058.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
21. Wiederhold L, Anderson P, Oberfeld J, Rudert M. Diagnosis and Management of the Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty. Z Orthop Unfall. 2026. PMID 41844207.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
22. Xu R, Zhang S, Chen J, Gu M, Du J, Meng L, et al.. Gait assessment of osteosarcoma patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: Influence of abduction-adduction angles in knee prostheses. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2026;131:106714. PMID 41289938.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
23. Zhao W, Xing W, Zhang J, Chen X. The application of 3D printing technology in multistage functional reconstruction of severe Gustilo IIIb right lower limb injury: artificial hinged knee prosthesis replacement: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2026;105(27):e49595. PMID 42410822.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42410822/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000049595) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13336924/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Zhao_PMID42410822.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
24. Zheng W, Tang J, Xiao W, Wang X, Wang J. Use of Zonal Fixation Therapy and Metal Augmentation for Rotating-Hinge Knee Arthroplasty in Charcot Arthropathy: A Comparative Study. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 42315056.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
25. Bailey RS, Halbur C, Gulbrandsen TR, Brown TS, Noiseux NO. Postoperative Alignment in Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty - "Are Hinge Knees too Valgus?". Iowa Orthop J. 2025;45(1):75-79. PMID 40606690.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
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35. Liow MHL, Flevas DA, Braun S, Nocon A, Lee GC, Sculco PK, et al.. Rotating Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Provides Greater Arc of Motion Gains for Patients Who Have Severe Arthrofibrosis. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(1):198-202. PMID 39128782.  
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36. Messieh MS, Nguyen SV. Exploring predictors of medial collateral ligament tears in lateral approach total knee replacement: A retrospective study. J Orthop. 2025;61:12-16. PMID 40051790.  
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37. Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Ribbans WJ. Retrieval analysis in total knee arthroplasty. World J Orthop. 2025;16(3):102160. PMID 40124734.  
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38. Schaible SF, Eberlein SC, Schaefer R, Klenke FM, Hecker A. Clinical outcomes of standard primary vs. primary rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective matched-pair analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):575. PMID 40481600.  
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40. Shalaan A, Sood M, Arvinte D. Fixation of a Felix IV Periprosthetic Tibia Fracture Using Synthetic Ligaments: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025;17(11):e96147. PMID 41357005.  
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41. Sidhu A, Howard LC, He J, Greidanus NV, Masri BA, Garbuz DS, et al.. Distal Femoral Replacement for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Nononcologic Indications: A Single-Institution Outcomes Study. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(9):2370-2374. PMID 39956495.  
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42. Tetteh AE, Derr T, Kurtz MA, Klein GR, Piuzzi NS, Malkani A, et al.. Hinge-Knee Megaprostheses Components Wear and Corrode: A Retrospective Study of 40 Devices. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2025;9(10):. PMID 41086058.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
43. Tüngler TL, Pawelke J, Khassawna TE, Heiss C, Knapp G. Traumatic Knee Joint Dislocation in a Total Knee Arthroplasty with Rupture of the Popliteal Artery and a Subsequent Prosthesis Change: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2025;15(4):99-103. PMID 40212507.  
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44. Verma GG, Sultan J, Nyunt K, Ismail M. Leeds-Keio Ligament for the Reconstruction of Delayed Patella and Quadriceps Tendon Rupture: Time to Revisit?. Cureus. 2025;17(4):e82633. PMID 40395261.  
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45. Wignadasan W, Kirschbaum SM, Perka C, Barrack RL, Haddad FS, Schneider AM. Contemporary insights into hinged knee arthroplasties : biomechanics, indications, and outcomes in complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2025;107-B(12):1254-1262. PMID 41319698.  
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46. Yeh CW, Ko CY, Tsai CH, Fong YC, Chen HY, Chen HT, et al.. Novel post-cam endoskeleton-reinforced posterior-stabilized cement articulating spacer reduced the rate of mechanical complications in prosthetic knee infection. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):501. PMID 40410891.  
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47. Aghaalikhani M, Amouzadeh Omrani F, Rostami Abousaidi S, Afzal S, Sarzaeem MM. Progressive Late-Onset Genu Recurvatum Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty: Insights from a Spinal Stenosis-Related Case Series. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2024;12(5):337-341. PMID 38817415.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
48. Bruce D, Awad F, Jonas S, Agarwal S. Longer term follow up of outcomes following implantation of a modular rotating hinge knee prosthesis: 53 implants at mean 7.6 year follow up. Knee. 2024;47:35-42. PMID 38181461.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
49. Delgadillo BE, Buchman ZJ, Brown A, Federico JR. Recurrent Left Periprosthetic Posterior Knee Dislocation in an Elderly Woman With Dementia and Altered Mental Status: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e66031. PMID 39221301.  
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50. Dzidzishvili L, Sáez D, Calvo E. Metaphyseal cones combined with diaphyseal impaction grafting provide good outcomes and survival in a complex revision total knee arthroplasty: a matched comparative analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024;34(1):577-583. PMID 37656276.  
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51. Ehara Y, Nakano N, Takayama K, Kuroda Y, Hashimoto S, Hayashi S, et al.. Rotating Hinge Knee Arthroplasty for Charcot Joints of the Knees in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e63154. PMID 39070426.  
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52. Ekhtiari S, Worthy T, Rubinger L, Valdivielso AA, Puri L, de Beer J, et al.. A novel radiological index uses the inner canal diameter and the Citak classification index to predict risk factor for aseptic loosening following hinged total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(9):4385-4390. PMID 39259311.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
53. Garrido-Ferrera JF, Marquina-Moraleda V, Marco-Díaz L, Colomina-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Ferrando L. [GMK rotating hinge prosthesis. A valid option for complex revision knee prosthetic surgery]. Acta Ortop Mex. 2024;38(3):149-154. PMID 38862144.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Open access (PDF included)*
54. Gu MY, Zhang JY, Chen MY, Wang W, Ma JB, Fu X, et al.. Portable Gait Analysis of Patients With Rotating Hinge Knee Megaprosthesis Compared With Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Surg. 2024;16(12):3141-3150. PMID 39501823.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
55. Hodo T, Sherman W, Sanchez S, Anudu E, Sanchez F. Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis 1. Arthroplast Today. 2024;29:101453. PMID 39185400.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
56. Ilo K, Gnap R, Matar HE, Berber R, Bloch BV. Failure of the Yoke With a Rotating-Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2024;14(2):. PMID 38870317.  
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57. Jiang J, Zeng F, Tang X. Assessing the influence of gastrocnemius reconstruction on stress distribution of femoral tumor rotating hinge knee prosthesis via finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024;12:1391298. PMID 38707499.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
58. Lizcano JD, Goh GS, Kohli M, Deirmengian GK, Arsoy D, Courtney PM. Outcomes of Metaphyseal Cones and Stem Fixation Following Rotating Hinge in Complex Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(8 Suppl 1):S248-S255. PMID 38360286.  
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59. Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Alesi D, Rinaldi VG, Cerasoli T, Valente D, Zaffagnini S. Conversion of failed revision total knee arthroplasty in arthrodesis with modular nail maintaining the uncemented femoral stem in patient with extensor mechanism insufficiency: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2024;18(1):147. PMID 38459591.  
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60. Martínez-Peñas J, Nuñez JH, Haro D, Cabré JL, Navarro G, Mateu D. Assessing the impact of distal femoral morphology using Citak's ratio: an independent risk factor for aseptic loosening in rotating hinge knee prosthesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(8):3573-3581. PMID 38967781.  
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61. Pérez M, Vicente M, Amat C, Lahoz B, Carrera L, Corona PS. Outcomes of a cemented modular rotational-hinge design as the final implant in a two-stage replacement due to chronic knee periprosthetic joint infection. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(12):5239-5250. PMID 39287785.  
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62. Queipo-de-Llano A, Lara JM, Gea AL, Delgado-Rufino B. Femoral component retention in Rorabeck type III periprosthetic knee fracture with plating fixation and bone cement augmentation. A new surgical technique and four cases reported. Trauma Case Rep. 2024;53:101084. PMID 39183807.  
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63. Schneider AM, Rice SJ, Lancaster N, McGraw M, Farid Y, Finn HA. Low-Dose Irradiation and Rotating-Hinge Revision for the Treatment of Severe Idiopathic Arthrofibrosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of 60 Patients With a Mean 6-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(4):1075-1082. PMID 37863275.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Subscription / not open access*
64. Shah VI, Patil J, Shetty GM, Trivedi P. Primary Total Knee Replacement using Rotating Hinge Implants in Poliomyelitis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(6):171-176. PMID 38910982.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
65. Somani V, Shaikh A, Desai MM, Karwande N, Somani K. A Rare Case of Posterior Dislocation of Hinge Knee Prosthesis due to Wear of Anti-Luxation Device: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(10):173-177. PMID 39381281.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
66. Sporer EM, Schilling C, Tait RJ, Giurea A, Grupp TM. Strains on the human femur after revision total knee arthroplasty: An in vitro study using digital image correlation. PLoS One. 2024;19(6):e0305387. PMID 38870168.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
67. Theil C, Moellenbeck B, Schwarze J, Puetzler J, Klingebiel S, Bockholt S, et al.. Can the Current Thresholds for Synovial Cell Count and Neutrophil Percentage to Diagnose Prosthetic Joint Infection be Applied to Metal-on-Metal Rotating Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty?. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(3):801-805. PMID 37648100.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
68. Wong WS, Chen H, Lim JW, Siow WM, Poon KB. Management of Femoral Condyle Insufficiency Fractures Following Total Knee Arthroplasty (FCIF-TKA). Cureus. 2024;16(12):e75832. PMID 39822411.  
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69. Boukebous B, Dumaine V, Cladière-Nassif V, Anract P, Biau D. What to improve: Results of fixed-hinge knee endoprosthesis reconstructions over 40 years in a single tumor center. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023;109(7):103682. PMID 37690605.  
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70. Cheng R, Krell EC, Chiu YF, Stimac JD, Heyse TJ, Abdel MP, et al.. Survivorship and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed in Patients 35 Years of Age and Younger. J Arthroplasty. 2023;38(11):2316-2323.e1. PMID 37286054.  
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71. Clement ND, Avery P, Mason J, Baker PN, Deehan DJ. First-time revision knee arthroplasty using a hinged prosthesis : temporal trends, indications, and risk factors associated with re-revision using data from the National Joint Registry for 3,855 patients. Bone Joint J. 2023;105-B(1):47-55. PMID 36587261.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
73. Green CC, Stelzer JW, Kerr MS, Tang A, Menken LG, Romanelli F, et al.. Risk Factors for Revision Surgery Following Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Hinged Knee Prosthesis for Septic and Aseptic Indications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;31(19):e798-e814. PMID 37235694.  
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74. Hahn AK, Coladonato C, Corvi JJ, Patel NK, Sonnier JH, Tjoumakaris F, et al.. Outcomes and Complications Following Chronic Patellar Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e41713. PMID 37575790.  
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75. Hanusrichter Y, Gebert C, Dudda M, Hardes J, Streitbuerger A, Frieler S, et al.. Custom-Made Metaphyseal Sleeves in "Beyond" AORI III Defects for Revision Knee Arthroplasty-Proof of Concept and Short-Term Results of a New Technique. J Pers Med. 2023;13(7):. PMID 37511656.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
76. Itamoto A, Nishitani K, Kuriyama S, Nakamura S, Matsuda S. Catastrophic Mid-Flexion Instability After Avulsion Fractures of the Articular Capsule of the Femur and Tibia in a Patient With Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44379. PMID 37779772.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
77. Karczewski D, Siljander MP, Larson DR, Taunton MJ, Lewallen DG, Abdel MP. Primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with post-polio syndrome. Bone Joint J. 2023;105-B(6):635-640. PMID 37259562.  
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78. Kelly B, Manes T, Main C. Bilateral Failure of Oxidized Zirconium Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2023;21:101144. PMID 37214318.  
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79. Kitamura T, Fukui T, Matsumoto T, Oe K, Sawauchi K, Kuroda R, et al.. Nonunion of Hoffa Fracture Successfully Treated by Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e35780. PMID 37025708.  
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80. Kocaoğlu H, Hennes F, Abdelaziz H, Neufeld ME, Gehrke T, Citak M. Survival analysis of one-stage exchange of infected unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a single-center study with minimum 3 years follow-up. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(2):327-333. PMID 35066655.  
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81. Koch KA, Spranz DM, Westhauser F, Bruckner T, Lehner B, Alvand A, et al.. Impact of Comorbidities and Previous Surgery on Mid-Term Results of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Clin Med. 2023;12(17):. PMID 37685609.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
82. Linke P, Wilhelm P, Levent A, Gehrke T, Salber J, Akkaya M, et al.. Anatomical risk factors for aseptic loosening of full hinge knee prosthesis in primary and revision TKAs. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(7):4299-4307. PMID 36645460.  
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83. Lorenz A, Winter A, Mederake M, Freidhager C, Hofmann UK, Leichtle UG. Changes in femoral rollback and rotation with increasing coupling in knee arthroplasty-a biomechanical in-vitro study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24(1):341. PMID 37131176.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
84. Makiev KG, Vasios IS, Keskinis A, Iliopoulos E, Tilkeridis K, Ververidis A. Atraumatic dislocation of a modern rotating hinge total-knee prosthesis. A rare but devastating complication. Med Eng Phys. 2023;117:103991. PMID 37331746.  
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85. Matar HE, Bloch BV, James PJ. Satisfactory medium- to long-term outcomes of cemented rotating hinge prosthesis in revision total knee arthroplasty. Bone Jt Open. 2023;4(10):776-781. PMID 37839799.  
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86. Nuutinen TK, Madanat R, Både KW, Ristolainen LH, Kauppinen H, Manninen MJ. Custom-made hinged total knee arthroplasties in the context of extra-articular deformity: a case series. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(4):1411-1420. PMID 35701554.  
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87. Rodrigues V, Szymanski C, Saab M, Maynou C, Tiffreau V, Wieczorek V, et al.. Recovery of leg strength based on isokinetic testing after tumor resection and reconstruction with a modular rotating hinge knee system: Prospective cross-sectional study with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023;109(7):103631. PMID 37119875.  
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88. Scholz T, Akkaya M, Linke P, Busch SM, Gehrke T, Salber J, et al.. The anatomical shape of the distal femur is an independent risk factor for aseptic loosening following one-stage septic knee revision using rotating hinge knee prosthesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(1):481-488. PMID 34978606.  
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89. Yin DL, Lin JM, Li YH, Chen P, Zeng MD. Short-term outcome of total knee replacement in a patient with hemophilia: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(12):2788-2795. PMID 37214564.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
90. Zari S, Sammouni O, Abdeljaouad N, Yacoubi H. Bilateral Total Knee Replacement in a Patient With Poliomyelitis: A Case Report From Eastern Morocco. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33317. PMID 36741646.  
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91. Zhao Z, Yang Y, Yan T, Tang X, Yang R, Guo W. Outcomes of Fixed-Hinged Knee Prosthesis for Distal Femoral Osteosarcoma in Skeletally Immature Patients: First Results. J Knee Surg. 2023;36(1):68-78. PMID 34187071.  
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92. Al Hassan MA, Salem OA, Alabsi EJ. Dislocation of Rotating Hinged Knee Prostheses in a Patient With Extensor Mechanism Dysfunction. Cureus. 2022;14(4):e24091. PMID 35573576.  
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95. Deehan DJ, Clement ND, Avery P, Mason J, Baker PN. Temporal trends of primary hinge knee arthroplasty and risk factors associated with revision: National Joint Registry data from 2003 to 2018 for 4921 patients. Knee. 2022;34:279-287. PMID 35101741.  
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96. Encinas-Ullán CA, Gómez-Cardero P, Rodríguez-Merchán EC. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Prior Ipsilateral Hip Fusion: A Surgical Technique. HSS J. 2022;18(1):175-181. PMID 35087349.  
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97. Gramlich Y, Hofmann L, Kress S, Ruckes C, Kemmerer M, Klug A, et al.. Critically high metal ion levels found in metal-on-metal modular hinged knee arthroplasty : a comparison of two different systems. Bone Joint J. 2022;104-B(3):376-385. PMID 35227095.  
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98. Hannon CP, Stuart MB, Abdel MP, Pagnano MW, Trousdale RT. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Rotating-Hinge Prosthesis Mated to a Well-Fixed Femoral Sleeve. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(6S):S270-S275. PMID 35227812.  
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99. Idowu O, Oluwadiya K, Eyesan S, Nasser M, Maden M, Abudu A. The functional outcome after tumor resection and endoprosthesis around the knee: a systematic review. Acta Orthop Belg. 2022;88(1):73-85. PMID 35512157.  
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100. Matar HE, Bloch BV, James PJ. High ten-year implant survivorship and low patellofemoral complication rate for S-ROM rotating-hinge implants in revision total knee arthroplasty : a single-centre study. Bone Jt Open. 2022;3(3):205-210. PMID 35274992.  
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102. Ohlmeier M, Alrustom F, Citak M, Rolvien T, Gehrke T, Frings J. The Clinical Outcome of Different Total Knee Arthroplasty Designs in One-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Infection. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(2):359-366. PMID 34648923.  
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103. Ohmi T, Yamada T, Misaki S, Tazawa T, Shimamura R, Kato J, et al.. Differences in gait kinetics and kinematics between patients with rotating hinge knee and cruciate-retaining prostheses: a cross-sectional study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2022;34(9):635-641. PMID 36118659.  
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104. Sporer EM, Schilling C, Sauer A, Tait RJ, Giurea A, Grupp TM. Biomechanical Effects of Stemmed Total Knee Arthroplasty on the Human Femur: A CT-Data Based Study. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5738610. PMID 36132080.  
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107. Yeroushalmi D, Laarhoven SV, Tang A, Heesterbeek PJC, Hellemondt GV, Schwarzkopf R. Short- to Midterm Outcomes of a Novel Guided-Motion Rotational Hinged Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2022;35(10):1153-1158. PMID 33485277.  
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108. van Laarhoven SN, van Eerden AHJ, van Hellemondt GG, Schreurs BW, Wymenga AB, Heesterbeek PJC. Superior Survival of Fully Cemented Fixation Compared to Hybrid Fixation in a Single Design Rotating Hinge Knee Implant. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(3):482-487. PMID 34864066.  
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110. Belzarena AC, Elalfy MA, Yakoub MA, Healey JH. Molded, Gamma-radiated, Argon-processed Polyethylene Components of Rotating Hinge Knee Megaprostheses Have a Lower Failure Hazard and Revision Rates Than Air-sterilized, Machined, Ram-extruded Bar Stock Components. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(1):95-101. PMID 33369586.  
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111. Bourbotte-Salmon F, Ferry T, Cardinale M, Servien E, Rongieras F, Fessy MH, et al.. Rotating Hinge Knee Arthroplasty for Revision Prosthetic-Knee Infection: Good Functional Outcomes but a Crucial Need for Superinfection Prevention. Front Surg. 2021;8:551814. PMID 34616767.  
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112. Cordero-Ampuero J. CORR Insights®: What Is the Mid-term Survivorship of Infected Rotating-hinge Implants Treated with One-stage-exchange?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(12):2723-2725. PMID 34398840.  
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117. Gramlich Y, Steinkohl D, Kremer M, Kemmerer M, Hoffmann R, Klug A. Modular knee arthrodesis secures limb, mobility, improves quality of life, and leads to high infection control in periprosthetic knee infection, when revision knee arthroplasty is not an option. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(8):1349-1360. PMID 33893531.  
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130. Sawamura C. CORR Insights®: Molded, Gamma-radiated, Argon-processed Polyethylene Components of Rotating Hinge Knee Megaprostheses Have Lower Failure Hazard Revision Rates Than Air-sterilized, Machined, Ram-extruded Bar Stock Components. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(1):102-104. PMID 33105303.  
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134. van Laarhoven SN, Heesterbeek PJC, van Hellemondt GG. Instability, an unforeseen diagnosis of the Legion™ hinge knee system. Knee. 2021;28:97-103. PMID 33321414.  
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135. von Hintze J, Niemeläinen M, Sintonen H, Nieminen J, Eskelinen A. Outcomes of the rotating hinge knee in revision total knee arthroplasty with a median follow-up of 6.2 years. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):336. PMID 33827526.  
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137. Bormann T, Jäger S, Kretzer JP, Nebel L, Clarius L, Omlor G, et al.. Retrieval Analysis of Modern Knee Tumor Megaendoprosthesis Shows Considerable Volumetric Metal Wear Generated at the Rotating Hinge. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(7):. PMID 32224971.  
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140. Chen MJ, Hung JF, Chang CH, Lee SH, Shih HN, Chang YH. Periprosthetic knee infection reconstruction with a hinged prosthesis: Implant survival and risk factors for treatment failure. Knee. 2020;27(3):1035-1042. PMID 32317140.  
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141. Fink B, Stefanou D. Three-step technique for implantation of rotating hinge knee prostheses : Demonstration using the Enduro prosthesis. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2020;32(4):329-339. PMID 32651606.  
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142. Guttowski D, Polster V, Huber G, Morlock MM, Püschel K, Nüchtern J. Comparative Biomechanical In Vitro Study of Different Modular Total Knee Arthroplasty Revision Stems With Bone Defects. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(11):3318-3325. PMID 32654944.  
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143. Kahan M, Estes C. Failure at the femoral stem extension-condylar interface in a rotating hinge knee without radiographic evidence of loosening. Arthroplast Today. 2020;6(1):36-40. PMID 32211472.  
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144. Karageorgos A, Papadopoulos AX, Gelalis ID, Matzaroglou C. Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty for Charcot Arthropathy After Cauda Equine Syndrome: A Case Report. J Med Cases. 2020;11(2):49-53. PMID 34434361.  
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145. Kendoff D, Haasper C, Gehrke T, Klauser W, Sandiford N. Management of Gonarthrosis with a Rotating Hinge Prosthesis: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12(4):464-469. PMID 33274023.  
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146. Kornilov N, Wagenaar FC, Kuliaba T, Ftaïta S, Thienpont E. Dislocation of modern design rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty : case series and narrative review. Acta Orthop Belg. 2020;86(2):303-312. PMID 33418622.  
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147. Makowski NS, Lombardo LM, Foglyano KM, Kobetic R, Pinault G, Selkirk SM, et al.. Walking after incomplete spinal cord injury with an implanted neuromuscular electrical stimulation system and a hinged knee replacement: a single-subject study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2020;6(1):86. PMID 32934207.  
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148. Mazaleyrat M, Le Nail LR, Auberger G, Biau D, Rosset P, Waast D, et al.. Survival and complications in hinged knee reconstruction prostheses after distal femoral or proximal tibial tumor resection: A retrospective study of 161 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020;106(3):403-407. PMID 32276844.  
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149. Nozaka K, Miyakoshi N, Saito H, Kijima H, Mita M, Shimada Y. Effectiveness of circular hexapod external fixation with soft tissue reconstruction in treating severe knee dislocation due to burn scarring: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):639. PMID 32988378.  
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150. Panda N, Krishnamurty B, Agarwal M, Ravi B. World-Class Tumor Knee Prosthesis: Made in India. Indian J Orthop. 2020;54(2):130-140. PMID 32257029.  
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154. Schroeder S, Braun S, Mueller U, Vogel M, Sonntag R, Jaeger S, et al.. Carbon-fibre-reinforced PEEK: An alternative material for flexion bushings of rotating hinged knee joints?. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020;101:103434. PMID 31542569.  
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155. Sommi C, Wu VJ, Heffernan J, Sherman W. Complete 180-Degree Dislocation of a Rotating Platform after Closed Reduction for Mobile Bearing Spinout. Arthroplast Today. 2020;6(3):556-559. PMID 32793787.  
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156. Theil C, Schmidt-Braekling T, Gosheger G, Thuener B, Moellenbeck B, Roeder J, et al.. Acceptable mid- to long-term survival rates and functional outcomes following a single design rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(6):1868-1875. PMID 31297577.  
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157. Tian ZJ, Liu YJ, Chen BJ, Wang J, Niu CL, Feng EH, et al.. Failure of Less-Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) plating for periprosthetic distal femur fractures: Three case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(8):e19195. PMID 32080105.  
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158. Zhang JY, Tian DM, Ren ZP, Hu YC, Yu XC. Influence of Congruency Design on the Contact Stress of a Novel Hinged Knee Prosthesis Using Finite Element Analysis. Orthop Surg. 2020;12(2):631-638. PMID 32159285.  
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160. Abdelaziz H, Jaramillo R, Gehrke T, Ohlmeier M, Citak M. Clinical Survivorship of Aseptic Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Hinged Knees and Tantalum Cones at Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(12):3018-3022. PMID 31351856.  
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161. Barrientos-Ruiz I, Ortiz-Cruz EJ, Peleteiro-Pensado M, Merino-Rueda R. Early Mechanical Failure of a Tumoral Endoprosthesic Rotating Hinge in the Knee: Does Bumper Wear Contribute to Hyperextension Failure?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019;477(12):2718-2725. PMID 31764341.  
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162. Bernardi G, Manisera MT, Vallone A, Tudisco C. Irreducible Posterolateral Fracture Dislocation of the Knee in an Elderly Patient Treated with Rotating Hinge Total Knee Replacement. Joints. 2019;7(4):209-214. PMID 34235387.  
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163. Bingham JS, Bukowski BR, Wyles CC, Pareek A, Berry DJ, Abdel MP. Rotating-Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Treatment of Severe Arthrofibrosis. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(7S):S271-S276. PMID 30819621.  
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164. Boyer B, Bordini B, Caputo D, Neri T, Stea S, Toni A. What are the influencing factors on hip and knee arthroplasty survival? Prospective cohort study on 63619 arthroplasties. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(7):1251-1256. PMID 31615748.  
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165. Catonné Y, Sariali E, Khiami F, Rouvillain JL, Wajsfisz A, Pascal-Moussellard H. Same-stage total knee arthroplasty and osteotomy for osteoarthritis with extra-articular deformity. Part I: Tibial osteotomy, prospective study of 26 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(6):1047-1054. PMID 31208931.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Observational Study · Subscription / not open access*
166. Klasan A, Meine E, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Efe T, Boettner F, Heyse TJ. Are Serum Metal Ion Levels a Concern at Mid-term Followup of Revision Knee Arthroplasty With a Metal-on-metal Hinge Design?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019;477(9):2007-2014. PMID 30811355.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
167. Li Y, Sun Y, Shan HC, Niu XH. Comparative Analysis of Early Follow-up of Biologic Fixation and Cemented Stem Fixation for Femoral Tumor Prosthesis. Orthop Surg. 2019;11(3):451-459. PMID 31243921.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
168. Putman S, Migaud H, Saragaglia D, Jenny JY, Dujardin F, Hue AG, et al.. Total femur replacement in non-oncologic indications: Functional and radiological outcomes from a French survey with a mean 6 years' follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(4):591-598. PMID 31027981.  
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169. Rajgopal A, Panda I, Yadav S, Wakde O. Stacked Tantalum Cones as a Method for Treating Severe Distal Femoral Bone Deficiency in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2019;32(9):833-840. PMID 30189437.  
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170. Rodríguez-Merchán EC. Total knee arthroplasty using hinge joints: Indications and results. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4(4):121-132. PMID 31057949.  
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171. Roger C, Debuyzer E, Dehl M, Bulaïd Y, Lamrani A, Havet E, et al.. Factors associated with hospital stay length, discharge destination, and 30-day readmission rate after primary hip or knee arthroplasty: Retrospective Cohort Study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(5):949-955. PMID 31208932.  
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172. Boelch SP, Arnholdt J, Holzapfel BM, Jakuscheit A, Rudert M, Hoberg M. Revision knee arthroplasty with rotating hinge systems in patients with gross ligament instability. Int Orthop. 2018;42(12):2825-2833. PMID 29789904.  
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173. Dauwe J, Vandenneucker H. Indications for primary rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty. Is there consensus?. Acta Orthop Belg. 2018;84(3):245-250. PMID 30840564.  
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174. Haijie L, Dasen L, Tao J, Yi Y, Xiaodong T, Wei G. Implant Survival and Complication Profiles of Endoprostheses for Treating Tumor Around the Knee in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over the Past 30 Years. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(4):1275-1287.e3. PMID 29191444.  
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175. Hawk AJ. ArtiFacts: The GUEPAR Offset Hinge Knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(4):692-693. PMID 29538171.  
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176. Helito CP, Giglio PN, Cavalheiro CM, Gobbi RG, Demange MK, Camanho GL. Knee arthroplasty with rotating-hinge implant: an option for complex primary cases and revisions. Rev Bras Ortop. 2018;53(2):151-157. PMID 29911080.  
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177. Kearns SM, Culp BM, Bohl DD, Sporer SM, Della Valle CJ, Levine BR. Rotating Hinge Implants for Complex Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(3):766-770. PMID 29129618.  
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178. Kouk S, Rathod PA, Maheshwari AV, Deshmukh AJ. Rotating hinge prosthesis for complex revision total knee arthroplasty: A review of the literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2018;9(1):29-33. PMID 29628680.  
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179. Mariaux S, Borens O. Management of an Infected Nonunion of an Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with 2-Stage Implantation of Rotating Hinge Knee Prosthesis. Case Rep Orthop. 2018;2018:2493095. PMID 29785313.  
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180. Sadigh S, Shah P, Weber K, Sebro R, Zhang PJ. Primary malignant perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the bone mimicking granular cell tumor in core biopsy: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(3):2946-2952. PMID 29435023.  
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181. Savov P, Windhagen H, Haasper C, Ettinger M. Digital templating of rotating hinge revision and primary total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2018;10(4):7811. PMID 30662687.  
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182. Sodhi N, Patel YH, George J, Sultan AA, Anis HK, Newman JM, et al.. Operative Time, Length of Stay, Short-Term Readmission, and Complications after Hinged Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(10):940-945. PMID 30157530.  
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183. Baroudi M, Derome P, Malo M. Severe heterotopic ossification and stiffness after revision knee surgery for a periprosthetic fracture. Arthroplast Today. 2017;3(3):147-150. PMID 28913396.  
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184. Böhler C, Kolbitsch P, Schuh R, Lass R, Kubista B, Giurea A. Midterm Results of a New Rotating Hinge Knee Implant: A 5-Year Follow-Up. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7532745. PMID 29376075.  
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185. Cottino U, Abdel MP, Perry KI, Mara KC, Lewallen DG, Hanssen AD. Long-Term Results After Total Knee Arthroplasty with Contemporary Rotating-Hinge Prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(4):324-330. PMID 28196034.  
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186. Hu CC, Chen SY, Chen CC, Chang YH, Ueng SW, Shih HN. Superior Survivorship of Cementless vs Cemented Diaphyseal Fixed Modular Rotating-Hinged Knee Megaprosthesis at 7 Years' Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(6):1940-1945. PMID 28082043.  
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187. Ismailidis P, Kernen R, Mueller SA. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Severe Valgus Osteoarthritis Excellent Early Results in a 90-Year-Old Patient with a Valgus Deformity of 47°. Case Rep Orthop. 2017;2017:9301017. PMID 28386499.  
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188. Joseph EG, Ernest EP, Dietz MJ. Complicated Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2017;7(3):e73. PMID 29244707.  
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189. Laitinen M, Nieminen J, Reito A, Pakarinen TK, Suomalainen P, Pamilo K, et al.. High blood metal ion levels in 19 of 22 patients with metal-on-metal hinge knee replacements. Acta Orthop. 2017;88(3):269-274. PMID 28122467.  
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190. Marczak D, Kowalczewski J, Czubak J, Okoń T, Synder M, Sibiński M. Short and mid term results of revision total knee arthroplasty with Global Modular Replacement System. Indian J Orthop. 2017;51(3):324-329. PMID 28566786.  
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191. Tahmasebi MN, Amjad GG, Kaseb MH, Bashti K. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Severe Unstable Knee: Case-Report and Literature Review. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2017;5(1):58-62. PMID 28271089.  
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192. Boguszewski DV, Joshi NB, Yang PR, Markolf KL, Petrigliano FA, McAllister DR. Location of the natural knee axis for internal-external tibial rotation. Knee. 2016;23(6):1083-1088. PMID 27825594.  
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193. DeHaan A, Shukla S, Anderson M, Ries M. Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy to Aid Exposure for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2016;6(3):e32. PMID 30233925.  
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194. Evans S, Laugharne E, Kotecha A, Hadley L, Ramasamy A, Jeys L. Megaprostheses in the management of trauma of the knee. J Orthop. 2016;13(4):467-471. PMID 27857483.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
195. Kapil Mani KC, Dirgha Raj RC, Parimal A, Ram PB. Open Reduction of Neglected Knee Dislocation: Case Report of a Rare Injury. Malays Orthop J. 2016;10(3):56-57. PMID 28553452.  
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196. Ochs BG, Schreiner AJ, de Zwart PM, Stöckle U, Gonser CE. Computer-assisted navigation is beneficial both in primary and revision surgery with modular rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(1):64-73. PMID 25239506.  
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197. Pala E, Trovarelli G, Angelini A, Ruggieri P. Distal femur reconstruction with modular tumour prostheses: a single Institution analysis of implant survival comparing fixed versus rotating hinge knee prostheses. Int Orthop. 2016;40(10):2171-2180. PMID 27259557.  
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198. Paulus AC, Haßelt S, Jansson V, Giurea A, Neuhaus H, Grupp TM, et al.. Histopathological Analysis of PEEK Wear Particle Effects on the Synovial Tissue of Patients. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2198914. PMID 27766256.  
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199. Schierjott RA, Giurea A, Neuhaus HJ, Schwiesau J, Pfaff AM, Utzschneider S, et al.. Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Hinge Mechanism Articulation Components in a Rotating Hinge Knee Design: A Comparison of In Vitro and Retrieval Findings. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:7032830. PMID 28101512.  
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200. Streitbuerger A, Hardes J, Gosheger G, Dieckmann R, Hoell S. Knee salvage in revision arthroplasty after massive bone loss of the femur condyles (≥Engh III) with a single-modular-hinged knee revision implant. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136(8):1077-83. PMID 27370883.  
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201. Yilmaz S, Cankaya D, Deveci A, Firat A, Ozkurt B, Bozkurt M. The impact of joint line restoration on functional results after hinged knee prosthesis. Indian J Orthop. 2016;50(2):136-45. PMID 27053802.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*
202. Zahar A, Kendoff DO, Klatte TO, Gehrke TA. Can Good Infection Control Be Obtained in One-stage Exchange of the Infected TKA to a Rotating Hinge Design? 10-year Results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(1):81-7. PMID 26100256.  
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203. Farid YR, Thakral R, Finn HA. Intermediate-Term Results of 142 Single-Design, Rotating-Hinge Implants: Frequent Complications May Not Preclude Salvage of Severely Affected Knees. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(12):2173-80. PMID 26169452.  
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204. Fraser JF, Werner S, Jacofsky DJ. Wear and loosening in total knee arthroplasty: a quick review. J Knee Surg. 2015;28(2):139-44. PMID 25539400.  
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214. Correia J, Kendoff D, Klatte TO, Gehrke T, Citak M. Percutaneous cementation: a case of a failed treatment of a loose revision total knee arthroplasty. Technol Health Care. 2014;22(4):645-50. PMID 24763203.  
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222. Sanguineti F, Mangano T, Formica M, Franchin F. Total knee arthroplasty with rotating-hinge Endo-Model prosthesis: clinical results in complex primary and revision surgery. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(11):1601-7. PMID 25179893.  
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223. Zeng M, Hu Y, Xie J, Li M, Lin S. [Mid-term effectiveness of rotating hinge knee prosthesis for severe knee deformity]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2014;28(1):7-12. PMID 24693769.  
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228. Cermak K, Baillon B, Tsepelidis D, Vancabeke M. Total knee arthroplasty after former knee fusion in a patient with Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Acta Orthop Belg. 2013;79(3):347-50. PMID 23926740.  
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229. Chuang MY, Chang TK, Huang CH, Huang TY. Failure of the rotating-hinge knee megaprosthesis. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(3):543.e5-8. PMID 23146584.  
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230. Friesenbichler J, Leithner A, Glehr M, Sadoghi P, Maurer-Ertl W, Avian A, et al.. Evaluation of stability of rotating hinge knee prostheses: a biomechanical study. ISRN Orthop. 2013;2013:701693. PMID 24967114.  
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231. Hilgen V, Citak M, Vettorazzi E, Haasper C, Day K, Amling M, et al.. 10-year results following impaction bone grafting of major bone defects in 29 rotational and hinged knee revision arthroplasties: a follow-up of a previous report. Acta Orthop. 2013;84(4):387-91. PMID 23799350.  
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233. Ravikumar M, Kendoff D, Citak M, Luck S, Gehrke T, Zahar A. One stage conversion of an infected fused knee to total knee replacement - a surgical challenge. Open Orthop J. 2013;7:67-71. PMID 23526706.  
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234. Smith TH, Gad BV, Klika AK, Styron JF, Joyce TA, Barsoum WK. Comparison of mechanical and nonmechanical failure rates associated with rotating hinged total knee arthroplasty in nontumor patients. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(1):62-7.e1. PMID 23217527.  
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235. Ward WG, Cooper JM. Stemmed knee replacement in a patient with an irremovable tibial nail. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2013;22(3):237-40. PMID 24063801.  
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236. Bistolfi A, Massazza G, Rosso F, Crova M. Rotating-hinge total knee for revision total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2012;35(3):e325-30. PMID 22385441.  
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237. Efe T, Roessler PP, Heyse TJ, Hauk C, Pahrmann C, Getgood A, et al.. Mid-term results after implantation of rotating-hinge knee prostheses: primary versus revision. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2012;4(4):e35. PMID 23589763.  
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238. Erceg M, Rakić M. Genu recurvatum as a complication after total knee arthroplasty. Acta Clin Croat. 2012;51(2):265-8. PMID 23115953.  
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239. Friesenbichler J, Glehr M, Sadoghi P, Maurer-Ertl W, Ott F, Leithner A. In vivo testing of knee stability after rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of 2 knee systems. Orthopedics. 2012;35(3):e335-42. PMID 22385443.  
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240. Friesenbichler J, Maurer-Ertl W, Sadoghi P, Lovse T, Windhager R, Leithner A. Serum metal ion levels after rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty: comparison between a standard device and a megaprosthesis. Int Orthop. 2012;36(3):539-44. PMID 21755331.  
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241. Friesenbichler J, Schwarzkopf R, Sadoghi P, Marwin SE, Glehr M, Maurer-Ertl W, et al.. Failure rate of a rotating hinge knee design due to yoke fracture of the hinged tibial insert: a retrospective data analysis and review of the literature. Int Orthop. 2012;36(5):993-8. PMID 22202962.  
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243. Höll S, Schlomberg A, Gosheger G, Dieckmann R, Streitbuerger A, Schulz D, et al.. Distal femur and proximal tibia replacement with megaprosthesis in revision knee arthroplasty: a limb-saving procedure. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(12):2513-8. PMID 22392068.  
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244. Lozano LM, López V, Ríos J, Popescu D, Torner P, Castillo F, et al.. Better outcomes in severe and morbid obese patients (BMI > 35 kg/m2) in primary Endo-Model rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:249391. PMID 22623889.  
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245. Massin P, Boyer P, Sabourin M, Jeanrot C. Removal of infected cemented hinge knee prostheses using extended femoral and tibial osteotomies: six cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012;98(7):840-4. PMID 23044467.  
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246. McGrath A, Sewell MD, Datta G, Blunn GW, Briggs TW, Cannon SR. Custom-made rotating hinge total knee replacement in a patient with congenital tibial deficiency avoids the need for amputation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(12):2476-9. PMID 22349542.  
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247. Neumann DR, Hofstaedter T, Dorn U. Follow-up of a modular rotating hinge knee system in salvage revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27(5):814-9. PMID 22000574.  
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248. Rajgopal A, Vasdev A, Chidgupkar AS, Dahiya V, Tyagi VC. Mid-term results of rotating hinge knee prostheses. Acta Orthop Belg. 2012;78(1):61-7. PMID 22523929.  
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250. Sewell MD, Al-Hadithy N, Hanna SA, Al-Khateeb H, Carrington RW, Blunn GW, et al.. Custom rotating-hinge total knee replacement in patients with spina bifida and severe neuromuscular dysfunction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(9):1321-5. PMID 22718075.  
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251. Sewell MD, Hanna SA, Al-Khateeb H, Miles J, Pollock RC, Carrington RW, et al.. Custom rotating-hinge primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with skeletal dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(3):339-43. PMID 22371540.  
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252. Singer J, Merz A, Frommelt L, Fink B. High rate of infection control with one-stage revision of septic knee prostheses excluding MRSA and MRSE. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(5):1461-71. PMID 22081299.  
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253. Yang JH, Yoon JR, Oh CH, Kim TS. Primary total knee arthroplasty using rotating-hinge prosthesis in severely affected knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(3):517-23. PMID 21773833.  
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254. Citak M, Gessmann J, Fehmer T, Russe O, Schildhauer TA, Seybold D. Two-stage revision of infected total knee arthroplasty using a distraction spacer. Technol Health Care. 2011;19(3):167-71. PMID 21610298.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
314. Böhm P, Holy T. Is there a future for hinged prostheses in primary total knee arthroplasty? A 20-year survivorship analysis of the Blauth prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(2):302-9. PMID 9546466.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9546466/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.80b2.7905) · [Open-access link](https://boneandjoint.org.uk/article/10.1302/0301-620X.80B2.0800302/pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
315. David HG, Bishay M, James ET. Problems with the Rotaflex: a 10 year review of a rotating hinge prosthesis. J Arthroplasty. 1998;13(4):402-8. PMID 9645520.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9645520/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-5403(98)90005-5)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
316. Barre J, Lepouse C, Segal P. [Embolism and intramedullary femoral surgery]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1997;83(1):9-21. PMID 9161544.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · animal study · Subscription / not open access*
317. Bell RS. Fixed hinge knee arthroplasty. Can J Surg. 1997;40(4):250. PMID 9267289.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9267289/) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3949924/) · [PDF](pdfs/1997_Bell_PMID9267289.pdf)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comment; Editorial · Open access (PDF included)*
318. Kabo JM, Yang RS, Dorey FJ, Eckardt JJ. In vivo rotational stability of the kinematic rotating hinge knee prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;(336):166-76. PMID 9060502.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9060502/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199703000-00024)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
319. Lombardi AV, Mallory TH, Eberle RW, Adams JB. Rotating hinge prosthesis in revision total knee arthroplasty: indications and results. Surg Technol Int. 1997;6:379-82. PMID 16161000.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
320. Rinta-Kiikka I, Alberty A, Savilahti S, Pajamäki J, Tallroth K, Lindholm TS. The clinical and radiological outcome of the rotating hinged knee prostheses in the long-term. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1997;86(4):349-56. PMID 9474430.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
321. Berman AT, O'Brien JT, Israelite C. Use of the rotating hinge for salvage of the infected total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 1996;19(1):73-6. PMID 8771118.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
322. Choong PF, Sim FH, Pritchard DJ, Rock MG, Chao EY. Megaprostheses after resection of distal femoral tumors. A rotating hinge design in 30 patients followed for 2-7 years. Acta Orthop Scand. 1996;67(4):345-51. PMID 8792736.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. · Subscription / not open access*
323. Scott CE. Condylar failure of the Lacey Rotating-Hinge total knee. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11(4):487-8. PMID 8926487.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Letter; Published Erratum · Subscription / not open access*
324. Scott CE, Heiner J, Worzala FJ, Vanderby R. Condylar failure of the Lacey Rotating-Hinge total knee. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11(2):214-6. PMID 8648321.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Subscription / not open access*
325. Smiłowicz M. [Total knee joint replacement with a rotating hinge endoprosthesis in light of late results]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol. 1996;61(4):409-13. PMID 8974860.  
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326. Balaraman V, Singh YP. Enumeration of human knee prostheses--an overview. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1995;31:263-8. PMID 7654975.  
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327. Hanssen AD, Trousdale RT, Osmon DR. Patient outcome with reinfection following reimplantation for the infected total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;(321):55-67. PMID 7497686.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
328. Morris HG, Capanna R, Campanacci D, Del Ben M, Gasbarrini A. Modular endoprosthetic replacement after total resection of the femur for malignant tumour. Int Orthop. 1994;18(2):90-5. PMID 8039964.  
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329. Shih LY, Sim FH, Pritchard DJ, Rock MG, Chao EY. Segmental total knee arthroplasty after distal femoral resection for tumor. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;(292):269-81. PMID 8519121.  
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330. Unwin PS, Cobb JP, Walker PS. Distal femoral arthroplasty using custom-made prostheses. The first 218 cases. J Arthroplasty. 1993;8(3):259-68. PMID 8326306.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
331. Ward WG, Johnston KS, Dorey FJ, Eckardt JJ. Extramedullary porous coating to prevent diaphyseal osteolysis and radiolucent lines around proximal tibial replacements. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(7):976-87. PMID 8335673.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
332. Li JS. [Complications caused by artificial hinge knee joint]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1992;30(10):585-7, 635. PMID 1306788.  
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333. Blauth W, Hassenpflug J. [Hinge endoprosthesis of the knee joint. Long-term results based on the Blauth prosthesis]. Orthopade. 1991;20(3):206-15. PMID 1876402.  
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334. Dejour H, Neyret P. [Different knee prostheses and their technical problems]. Rev Prat. 1991;41(16):1447-55. PMID 1853107.  
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335. Kubacki J, Podzorski J, Wasilewski Z, Marzec M. [The hinge prosthesis in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis of the knee]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol. 1990;55(4-6):401-9. PMID 1369852.  
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336. Shaw JA, Balcom W, Greer RB. Total knee arthroplasty using the kinematic rotating hinge prosthesis. Orthopedics. 1989;12(5):647-54. PMID 2726611.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
337. Smiłowicz M. [Development of arthroplasty of the knee joint using endoprostheses]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol. 1989;54(4-6):289-96. PMID 2486197.  
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338. Goldberg VM, Figgie MP, Figgie HE, Sobel M. The results of revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;(226):86-92. PMID 3335110.  
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339. Hassenpflug J, Harten K, Hahne HJ, Hobeck K, Holland C, Maronna U. [Is the implantation of hinged knee joint prostheses still justifiable today? 15 years' experience using the Blauth knee joint prosthesis]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1988;126(4):398-407. PMID 3176612.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
340. Kester MA, Cook SD, Harding AF, Rodriguez RP, Pipkin CS. An evaluation of the mechanical failure modalities of a rotating hinge knee prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;(228):156-63. PMID 3342560.  
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341. Karpinski MR, Grimer RJ. Hinged knee replacement in revision arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(220):185-91. PMID 3594990.  
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342. Kim YH. Salvage of failed hinge knee arthroplasty with a Total Condylar III type prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(221):272-7. PMID 3608311.  
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343. Rand JA, Chao EY, Stauffer RN. Kinematic rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69(4):489-97. PMID 3571306.  
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344. Watt NA, Hughes SP. Early results with Rotaflex rotating hinge knee replacement. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1987;32(6):361-5. PMID 3448192.  
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345. [No authors listed]. Is there a role for the hinged-knee prosthesis?. Lancet. 1986;2(8517):1196-7. PMID 2877333.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Editorial · Subscription / not open access*
346. Brevig K, Barbari SG, Kongsgård E. [Our experience with the hinge knee prosthesis]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1986;106(11):918-21, 965. PMID 3726816.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Subscription / not open access*
347. Shindell R, Neumann R, Connolly JF, Jardon OM. Evaluation of the Noiles hinged knee prosthesis. A five-year study of seventeen knees. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68(4):579-85. PMID 3957982.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
348. Ejsted R, Olsen NJ, Krogh P. St. Georg hinged-knee prosthesis. A 2.5- to 8-year follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1978). 1985;104(4):218-23. PMID 4084035.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
349. Ghosez JP, Anciaux D, Lootvoet L, Cordemans M. [Guépar's total hinged knee prosthesis. Experience with a 3-year follow-up]. Acta Orthop Belg. 1985;51(4):572-84. PMID 4082948.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4082948/)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Subscription / not open access*
350. Cook SD, Barrack RL, Renz EA, Edmunds JO, Haddad RJ. Early, design-related failure in total knee arthroplasty a case report. Orthopedics. 1984;7(1):79-82. PMID 24823186.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Editorial · Subscription / not open access*
351. Poss R, Thornhill TS, Ewald FC, Thomas WH, Batte NJ, Sledge CB. Factors influencing the incidence and outcome of infection following total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(182):117-26. PMID 6692605.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6692605/)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comparative Study; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. · Subscription / not open access*
352. Boerbooms AM, van den Broek WJ, van Rens TJ, van de Putte LB. 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Orthop Scand. 1982;53(1):125-9. PMID 6278816.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
353. Jaffe WL, Gross MS, Weinger EB. GUEPAR hinge knee arthroplasty: a five-year followup. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst. 1982;42(1):17-27. PMID 6288152.  
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354. Walker PS, Emerson R, Potter T, Scott R, Thomas WH, Turner RH. The kinematic rotating hinge: biomechanics and clinical application. Orthop Clin North Am. 1982;13(1):187-99. PMID 7063191.  
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355. Aubriot JH, Deburge A, Genet JP. [GUEPAR hinge knee prosthesis (author's transl)]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1981;67(3):337-45. PMID 6456510.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Subscription / not open access*
356. Schurman DJ. Functional outcome of GUEPAR hinge knee arthroplasty evaluated with ARAMIS. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;(155):118-32. PMID 6971724.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
357. Bargren JH. Total knee dislocation due to rotatory malalignment of tibial component: a case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;(147):271-4. PMID 7371308.  
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358. Croon HW, van Campen DH. Deformations of a human tibia with an implanted hinged knee prosthesis. Acta Orthop Belg. 1980;46(6):776-84. PMID 7246115.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
359. Hui FC, Fitzgerald RH. Hinged total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(4):513-9. PMID 7380853.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
360. Deburge A, Aubriot JH, Genet JP. Current status of a hinge prosthesis (GUEPAR). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(145):91-3. PMID 535294.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/535294/)  
   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
361. Kenesi C. The "caviar" madreporic knee prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(145):94-100. PMID 535295.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · animal study · Subscription / not open access*
362. Bargren JH, Day WH, Freeman MA, Swanson SA. Mechanical tests on the tibial components of non-hinged knee prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60-B(2):256-61. PMID 659476.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*
363. Lettin AW, Deliss LJ, Blackburne JS, Scales JT. The Stanmore hinged knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60-B(3):327-32. PMID 681408.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Case Reports · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
364. Baumann D, Witt AN. [Osteosynthesis with hinge joints and methylmethacrylate (author's transl)]. Arch Orthop Unfallchir. 1977;89(1):25-33. PMID 889535.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · English Abstract · Subscription / not open access*
365. Pawluk RJ, Eftekhar NS. In vitro performance of a low friction hinged-knee prosthesis [proceedings]. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. 1977;38(1):17-9. PMID 922198.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Subscription / not open access*
366. Kenesi C. [Early general complications of total hinged knee prosthesis]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1976;62(4):413-7. PMID 136025.  
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367. Wagner J, Bourgois R. Biomechanical study of the hinge knee prosthesis. Preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;(102):188-94. PMID 4419171.  
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368. SIDEMAN S. Hinged knee prosthesis. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1961;35(4):338-45. PMID 14039260.  
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   *related: hinged / rotating-hinge · Open access (PDF included)*

## 6. Related: ultracongruent, anterior-stabilized, and deep-dish inserts

1. Manchec O, Bérard E, Carrozzo A, Pailhé R, Cavaignac E. Five-year implant survival does not differ between hybrid and cementless total knee arthroplasty in a cohort of 5361 patients using a deep-dish mobile bearing design. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026;34(5):1713-1724. PMID 41025589.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41025589/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70075) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13122734/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Manchec_PMID41025589.pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Multicenter Study; Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
2. Pathak K, Batra S, Sahu A, Manhas V, Malhotra R. Ultra-Congruent Versus Cruciate-Retaining Inserts in Bilateral Simultaneous Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41672355.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41672355/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.02.003)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
3. Saracco A, Villet L, Rivière C. Comparison between arithmetic, osteoarthritic and prosthetic HKA: a cohort of computer assisted unrestricted kinematically aligned TKA patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2026:104773. PMID 42242552.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42242552/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2026.104773)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
4. Tsikopoulos K, Kazamias K, White P, Newman J, Robinson J, Porteous AJ, et al.. Fixed- versus Mobile-Bearing Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial With a Minimum of 10-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41611101.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41611101/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.01.065) · [Open-access link](https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/15901329/Fixed%20versus%20mobile%20bearing%20medial%20unicompartmental%20knee%20arthroplasty%20with%20the%20same%20femoral%20implant%20design%20%281%29.pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
5. Duensing IM, Dalkin BH, Taliaferro J, Natarelli N, Lee H, Novicoff WM, et al.. Significantly Lower Incidence of Patellar Clunk Syndrome Using a Highly Congruent Tibial Insert. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2025;34(1):46-49. PMID 40327739.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40327739/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
6. Henke P, Ruehrmund L, Hembus J, Krueger S, Bader R, Kebbach M. Transfer of patients' tibiofemoral kinematics and loads to a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) joint simulator under consideration of virtual ligaments. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):10512. PMID 40140542.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40140542/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95400-4) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11947412/) · [PDF](pdfs/2025_Henke_PMID40140542.pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Evaluation Study · Open access (PDF included)*
7. Kurina SJ, Higgins JD, Turkmani A, Kerbel YE, Della Valle CJ. Comparing Patient Preference for Highly-Congruent versus Cruciate-Retaining Inserts in Bilateral Knee Arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(9):2316-2319. PMID 40158747.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40158747/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.03.074)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
8. Liu J, Daher M, Laperche J, Clippert D, Ibrahim Z, Barrett TJ, et al.. Patient Reported Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty with Ultra-congruent Lipped Polyethylene Liners: A Randomized Study. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2025;13(2):100-105. PMID 39980802.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
9. Lizcano JD, Molloy IB, Kohli M, Yakkanti RR, Tarabichi S, Austin MS. Ultracongruent Versus Posterior-Stabilized Polyethylene: No Difference in Anterior Knee Pain but Decreased Noise Generation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2025;33(3):135-144. PMID 39018667.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
10. Manchec O, Bérard E, Pailhé R, Lustig S, Cavaignac E. No difference in 5-year survivorship between cemented versus cementless total knee arthroplasty in a cohort of 5266 patients using a deep-dish mobile bearing implant. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025;33(9):3194-3204. PMID 40197835.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Multicenter Study; Comparative Study · Open access (PDF included)*
11. Meding JB, Meneghini RM, Meding LK, Deckard ER, Buller LT. Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty Using an Ultraconforming Tibial Bearing: Outcomes at Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(7S1):S256-S262. PMID 40020944.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Multicenter Study · Subscription / not open access*
12. Mehta C, Desai MM, Jain K, Shah U. Unusual Case of Failure of Tibial Polyethylene Insert Locking Mechanism in a Design of Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty - A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2025;15(9):299-304. PMID 40936842.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
13. Onggo JR, Holder C, McAuliffe MJ, Babazadeh S. No Increased Risk of Patella-Related Revisions When Comparing Ultra-Congruent versus Cruciate-Retaining Polyethylene Liners in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties With an Unresurfaced Patella: An Australian Registry Study of 42,105 Knee Arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 2025;40(5):1225-1231. PMID 39551405.  
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14. Thekkumpurath MS, Goyal D, Kannan A. Do Ultracongruent Inserts Reproduce the Intraoperative Sagittal Plane Kinematics of Posterior Stabilized TKR? Assessment Using a Modern Robotic System. Indian J Orthop. 2025;59(1):108-114. PMID 39735874.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
15. Vermue H, Mesnard G, Servien E, Batailler C, Lustig S. Rotating-platform deep-dish total knee arthroplasty with restricted kinematic alignment: Five-year clinical and functional outcomes. SICOT J. 2025;11:33. PMID 40476641.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
16. Barahona M, Guzmán MA, Cartes S, Arancibia AE, Mora JE, Barahona MA, et al.. Development of a Machine-Learning Model for Anterior Knee Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty With Patellar Preservation Using Radiological Variables. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(9 Suppl 2):S171-S178. PMID 38364878.  
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17. Behnam YA, Anantha Krishnan A, List R, Clary CW. In Vitro Verification of Simulated Daily Activities Using Implant-Specific Kinematics from In Vivo Measurements. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024;11(11):. PMID 39593768.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · cadaveric study · Open access (PDF included)*
18. Chen L, Zhang L, Zhou D, Dong S, Xing D. Developing a Machine-Learning Predictive Model for Retention of Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Surg. 2024;16(6):1381-1389. PMID 38693596.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
19. Choi BS, Ro DH, Lee MC, Han HS. Isolated Polyethylene Insert Exchange for Instability after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Comparable Survival Rates and Range of Motion and Improved Clinical Scores Regardless of Hyperextension. Clin Orthop Surg. 2024;16(4):550-558. PMID 39092302.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
20. Cochrane NH, Kim BI, Holland CT, Seyler TM, Ryan SP, Bolognesi MP, et al.. Ultracongruent Polyethylene Liners Do Not Affect Survival of Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformity. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(8 Suppl 1):S183-S187. PMID 38355064.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study; Evaluation Study · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
21. Hall AJ, Cullinan R, Alozie G, Chopra S, Greig L, Clarke J, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty using a cemented single-radius, condylar-stabilized design performed without posterior cruciate ligament sacrifice. Bone Joint J. 2024;106-B(8):808-816. PMID 39084655.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
22. Jeong HW, Yoo HJ, Park SY, Lee YS. Clinical Relevance of Posterior Osteophyte Formation in Ultra-congruent Total Knee Arthroplasty: Midterm Radiographic Rollback and Impingement Analysis. Clin Orthop Surg. 2024;16(3):413-421. PMID 38827750.  
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23. Macedo F, Lucas J, Cunha P, Rocha M, Cerqueira R, Basto T, et al.. No difference in patient-reported outcomes or range of motion between ultracongruent and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. J Exp Orthop. 2024;11(4):e70043. PMID 39435297.  
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24. Patel SK, Buller LT, Deckard ER, Meneghini RM. Survivorship and Patient Outcomes of Conforming Bearings in Modern Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Mean 3.5 Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(11):2737-2744. PMID 38734325.  
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25. Sumida Y, Fujimoto E, Masuda Y, Ishibashi S, Sasashige Y. Intraoperative Kinematics in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Different Inserts. J Knee Surg. 2024;37(9):642-648. PMID 38191009.  
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26. Vishwanathan K, Vaishya R. Ultracongruent Designs Compared to Posterior-Stabilized and Cruciate-Retaining Tibial Inserts-What Does the Evidence Tell Us? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.-Letter to Editor. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(3):e22-e23. PMID 38341238.  
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27. Carlson BJ, Jones BK, Scott DF. A prospective comparison of total knee arthroplasty using ultra-congruent, condylar-stabilizing, and posterior-stabilized devices implanted with kinematic alignment: better 2-year outcomes with ultra-congruent. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(3):1026-1033. PMID 36318322.  
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28. Dündar A, İpek D, Kaya Ş. Comparison of ultra-congruent anterior-stabilized vs. a posterior cruciate substituting total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with severe varus knee deformity: comparable 2 year outcomes with two design. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(17):7968-7976. PMID 37750625.  
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29. Hull ML, Nicolet-Petersen S, Saiz A, Delman C, Howell SM. Posterior rim loading of a low-conforming tibial insert in unrestricted kinematic alignment is caused by rotational alignment of an asymmetric baseplate designed for mechanical alignment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(8):3051-3060. PMID 35641683.  
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30. Movassaghi K, Patel A, Ghulam-Jelani Z, Levine BR. Modern Total Knee Arthroplasty Bearing Designs and the Role of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament. Arthroplast Today. 2023;21:101130. PMID 37151403.  
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31. Obana KK, Wong K, Shimoda BT, Rimm J, Stickley CD, Nakasone CK. Favorable outcomes of posterior cruciate-stabilized inserts over ultracongruent inserts in total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(9):5857-5865. PMID 36928502.  
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32. Rehman Y, Korsvold AM, Lerdal A, Aamodt A. No difference in patient-reported outcomes with cruciate-retaining, anterior-stabilized, and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty designs. Bone Joint J. 2023;105-B(12):1271-1278. PMID 38037687.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Randomized Controlled Trial · Open access (PDF included)*
33. Stadler C, Hofstätter M, Luger M, Stöbich M, Ruhs B, Gotterbarm T, et al.. No component loosening of a cementless deep dish rotating platform knee at a 5-year follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(3):969-978. PMID 35969255.  
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34. Wenzel AN, Hasan SA, Chaudhry YP, Mekkawy KL, Oni JK, Khanuja HS. Ultracongruent Designs Compared to Posterior-Stabilized and Cruciate-Retaining Tibial Inserts - What Does the Evidence Tell Us? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2023;38(12):2739-2749.e7. PMID 37276953.  
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35. Yoo HJ, Kim YB, Jeong HW, Park SB, Nam HS, Lee YS. Clinical relevance of roll-back replacement of ultra congruent total knee arthroplasty: comparison of mid-term outcomes with posterior stabilizing design. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(11):6805-6813. PMID 37488457.  
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36. Bernasek TL, Stoops TK, Gill M, Engel C, Simon P. Comparison of Cruciate-Sacrificing vs Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Replacement Using a Contemporary Total Knee System. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(1):45-48. PMID 34563437.  
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37. Castellarin G, Bori E, Menon A, Innocenti B. The effect of different insert design congruencies on the kinematics of a mobile bearing TKA: A cadaveric study. J Orthop. 2022;34:89-93. PMID 36046758.  
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38. Dalton P, Holder C, Rainbird S, Lewis PL. Survivorship Comparisons of Ultracongruent, Cruciate-Retaining and Posterior-Stabilized Tibial Inserts Using a Single Knee System Design: Results From the Australian Orthopedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(3):468-475. PMID 34748914.  
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39. Eggenberger EE, Hurst JM, Morris MJ, Berend KR, Lombardi AV, Crawford DA. Midterm Outcomes of a Bicruciate-Retaining Compared With the Bicruciate-Sacrificing Knee System. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(6S):S245-S249. PMID 35190243.  
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40. Hinarejos P, Leal-Blanquet J, Fraile-Suari A, Sánchez-Soler J, Torres-Claramunt R, Monllau JC. Increased posterior translation but similar clinical outcomes using ultracongruent instead of posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties in a prospective randomized trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(9):3041-3048. PMID 34436635.  
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41. Kendall J, Pelt CE, Imlay B, Yep P, Mullen K, Kagan R. Revision Risk for Total Knee Arthroplasty Polyethylene Designs in Patients 65 Years of Age or Older: An Analysis from the American Joint Replacement Registry. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;104(17):1548-1553. PMID 35726886.  
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42. Kendall J, Pelt CE, Yep P, Mullen K, Kagan R. Trends in Polyethylene Design and Manufacturing Characteristics for Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis From the American Joint Replacement Registry. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(4):659-667. PMID 34826567.  
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43. Kulshrestha V, Sood M, Kumar S, Kumar P, Stanley A, Padhi PP. Early Outcomes of Dual-Pivot Total Knee Replacement Compared to an Ultracongruent Design. Clin Orthop Surg. 2022;14(4):530-538. PMID 36518936.  
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44. Law JI, Erlichman RB, Grant AM, Berend KR, Lombardi AV, Hurst JM, et al.. Early Outcomes of a Universal Femoral Component with an Ultracongruent Insert. Surg Technol Int. 2022;41:271-276. PMID 35623039.  
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45. Lefèvre M, Cavailhès J, Ferri C, Sirveaux F, Roche O, Galois L. CORIN KneeTec DeepDishTM: Functional outcomes after a follow-up of 12 months and comparison with the STRYKER Triathlon PS. Acta Orthop Belg. 2022;88(1):61-71. PMID 35512156.  
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46. Lützner J, Beyer F, Lützner C, Riedel R, Tille E. Ultracongruent insert design is a safe alternative to posterior cruciate-substituting total knee arthroplasty: 5-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(9):3000-3006. PMID 33842984.  
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47. Meding JB, Meding LK, Meneghini RM, Williams TJ. Press-Fit Dual-Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty: Early Results With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(6S):S238-S244. PMID 35197199.  
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48. Meneghini RM, Deckard ER, Banks SA. The Effect of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release on Kinematics and Outcomes in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Dual-Pivot Conforming Polyethylene. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(6S):S231-S237. PMID 35217184.  
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50. Rehman Y, Koster LA, Röhrl SM, Aamodt A. Comparison of the in-vivo kinematics of three different knee prosthesis designs during a step-up movement. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2022;100:105824. PMID 36435077.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
51. Shatrov J, Sappey-Marinier E, Kafelov M, Gunst S, Batailler C, Servien E, et al.. Similar outcomes including maximum knee flexion between mobile bearing condylar-stabilised and fixed bearing posterior-stabilised prosthesis: a case control study. J Exp Orthop. 2022;9(1):17. PMID 35169966.  
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52. Vishwanathan K, Kambhampati SBS, Vaishya R. Equivalent outcomes of ultra-congruent and standard cruciate-retaining inserts in total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(9):3076-3091. PMID 35013748.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Meta-Analysis · Subscription / not open access*
53. Volkmar AJ, Elrod R, Vickery JW, Yang CC, Polkowski GG, Martin JR. Cruciate Substituting Implants in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. Adv Orthop. 2022;2022:2676715. PMID 35111342.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
54. Wang Y, Zhang L, Lin J, Xing D, Liu Q, Zhou D. Preoperative Factors Predicting the Preservation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Surg. 2022;14(9):2203-2209. PMID 35979544.  
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55. Akti S, Karakus D, Sezgin EA, Cankaya D. No differences in clinical outcomes or isokinetic performance between cruciate-substituting ultra-congruent and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29(10):3443-3449. PMID 32940732.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
56. Chen L, Xu J, Lin Y, Luo FQ, Yu YG. The effect of sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament on total knee arthroplasty with cruciate retaining highly congruent rotating platform prosthesis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):299. PMID 33962632.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
57. Heckmann ND, Steck T, Sporer SM, Meneghini RM. Conforming Polyethylene Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Beyond the Posterior-Stabilized and Cruciate-Retaining Debate. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021;29(22):e1097-e1104. PMID 34478416.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Review · Subscription / not open access*
58. Keggi JM, Wakelin EA, Koenig JA, Lawrence JM, Randall AL, Ponder CE, et al.. Impact of intra-operative predictive ligament balance on post-operative balance and patient outcome in TKA: a prospective multicenter study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(12):2165-2174. PMID 34255172.  
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59. Khasian M, Meccia BA, LaCour MT, Komistek RD. Effects of the Medial Plateau Bearing Insert Conformity on Mid-Flexion Paradoxical Motion in a Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Design. J Arthroplasty. 2021;36(7):2386-2392. PMID 33602585.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
60. Kim MS, Koh IJ, Kim CK, Choi KY, Jeon JH, In Y. Comparison of Joint Perception Between Posterior-Stabilized and Ultracongruent Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Same Patient. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(1):44-52. PMID 33259430.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
61. Komaris DS, Govind C, Murphy AJ, Clarke J, Ewen A, Leonard H, et al.. Implant design affects walking and stair navigation after total knee arthroplasty: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):177. PMID 33676526.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial · Open access (PDF included)*
62. Law JI, Hurst JM, Morris MJ, Berend KR, Lombardi AV, Crawford DA. Midterm Outcomes and Survivorship of Anterior Stabilized Versus Cruciate Retaining Bearing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2021;36(3):998-1002. PMID 33268208.  
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63. Lee GC, Wakelin E, Randall A, Plaskos C. Can a robot help a surgeon to predict a good total knee arthroplasty?. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):67-73. PMID 34053296.  
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64. Madden JA, Arnold PK, Buller LT, Deckard ER, Meneghini RM. Tibial baseplate position and posterior cruciate ligament status impact patient-reported outcomes in conforming dual-pivot bearing total knee arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2021;11:178-186. PMID 34646924.  
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65. Meding JB, Meding LK, Meneghini RM, Malinzak RA. Progressive Tibial Bearing Sagittal Plane Conformity in Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2021;36(2):520-525. PMID 32873449.  
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66. Mirulla AI, Bragonzoni L, Zaffagnini S, Ingrassia T, Zinno R, Innocenti B. Assessment of paradoxical anterior translation in a CR total knee prosthesis coupling dynamic RSA and FE techniques. J Exp Orthop. 2021;8(1):50. PMID 34245384.  
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67. Pécora JR, Romero V. Evaluation of Polyethylene Wear in a Brazilian Ultracongruent Knee Prosthesis with a Rotating Platform. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2021;56(1):42-46. PMID 33627898.  
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68. S Raja B, Gowda AKS, Ansari S, Choudhury AK, Kalia RB. Comparison of Functional Outcomes, Femoral Rollback and Sagittal Stability of Anterior-Stabilized Versus Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Indian J Orthop. 2021;55(5):1076-1086. PMID 34824707.  
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69. Saini MK, Reddy NR, Reddy PJ, Reddy CD, Saini N. Clinical and Surgical Insights on Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty in Ochronotic Arthropathy: A Case-based Review. J Orthop Case Rep. 2021;11(12):30-34. PMID 35415137.  
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   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
70. Bedair HS, Katakam A, Aurigemma P, Dwyer MK, Melnic CM. Can Preoperative Factors Be Used to Determine Optimal Implant Design for Total Knee Arthroplasty?. Surg Technol Int. 2020;37:385-389. PMID 33180955.  
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71. Han HS, Kang SB. Anterior-stabilized TKA is inferior to posterior-stabilized TKA in terms of postoperative posterior stability and knee flexion in osteoarthritic knees: a prospective randomized controlled trial with bilateral TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(10):3217-3225. PMID 31970430.  
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72. Hoshi K, Watanabe G, Kurose Y, Tanaka R, Fujii J, Gamada K. Mobile-bearing insert used with total knee arthroplasty does not rotate on the tibial tray during a squatting activity: a cross-sectional study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15(1):114. PMID 32197628.  
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73. Hosseini Nasab SH, Smith CR, Schütz P, Damm P, Trepczynski A, List R, et al.. Length-Change Patterns of the Collateral Ligaments During Functional Activities After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Ann Biomed Eng. 2020;48(4):1396-1406. PMID 31974870.  
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74. Innocenti B. High congruency MB insert design: stabilizing knee joint even with PCL deficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(9):3040-3047. PMID 31696240.  
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75. Khasian M, LaCour MT, Coomer SC, Bolognesi MP, Komistek RD. In Vivo Knee Kinematics for a Cruciate Sacrificing Total Knee Arthroplasty Having Both a Symmetrical Femoral and Tibial Component. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(6):1712-1719. PMID 32111514.  
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76. Lee SS, Yeom J, Lee DH, Moon YW. Similar outcomes between ultracongruent and posterior-stabilized insert in total knee arthroplasty: A propensity score-matched analysis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2020;28(1):2309499019893515. PMID 31876242.  
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77. Pacoret V, Kalk E, Labattut L, Girardot G, Baulot E, Martz P. Survival rate of cemented versus cementless tibial component in primary total knee arthroplasty over 5 years of follow-up: comparative study of 109 prostheses. SICOT J. 2020;6:36. PMID 32902376.  
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78. Reddy N, Saini MK, Naresh G, Thakur A, Podili R, Reddy J. Clinical, Functional, and Midterm Survival Analysis on Sigma Curved Plus Ultracongruent Polyethylene Insert in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11519. PMID 33354463.  
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79. Jang SW, Kim MS, Koh IJ, Sohn S, Kim C, In Y. Comparison of Anterior-Stabilized and Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Same Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(8):1682-1689. PMID 31005431.  
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80. Koh YG, Lee JA, Lee HY, Kim HJ, Chung HS, Kang KT. Reduction in tibiofemoral conformity in lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is more representative of normal knee kinematics. Bone Joint Res. 2019;8(12):593-600. PMID 31934330.  
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81. Lee SS, Kim JH, Heo JW, Moon YW. Gradual change in knee extension following total knee arthroplasty using ultracongruent inserts. Knee. 2019;26(4):905-913. PMID 31229289.  
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82. Shi YX, Tian H. [Clinical outcomes with cruciate-substituting ultra-congruent and posterior stabilized in total knee arthroplasty]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019;99(9):680-684. PMID 30831617.  
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83. Stirling P, Clement ND, MacDonald D, Patton JT, Burnett R, Macpherson GJ. Early functional outcomes after condylar-stabilizing (deep-dish) versus standard bearing surface for cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2019;31(1):3. PMID 32660531.  
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84. Stronach BM, Adams JC, Jones LC, Farrell SM, Hydrick JM. The Effect of Sacrificing the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Total Knee Arthroplasties That Use a Highly Congruent Polyethylene Component. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(2):286-289. PMID 30392900.  
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85. Wang XH, Song DY, Dong X, Suguro T, Cheng CK. Motion type and knee articular conformity influenced mid-flexion stability of a single radius knee prosthesis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(5):1595-1603. PMID 30269171.  
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86. Bae JH, Yoon JR, Sung JH, Shin YS. Posterior-stabilized inserts are preferable to cruciate-substituting ultracongruent inserts due to more favourable kinematics and stability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(11):3300-3310. PMID 29459998.  
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87. Brockett CL, Carbone S, Fisher J, Jennings LM. Influence of conformity on the wear of total knee replacement: An experimental study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2018;232(2):127-134. PMID 29251167.  
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88. Dodds A, Crowley R, Menz T, Spriggins T, Keene G, Bauze A. Outcome following total knee replacement in patients with a previous patellectomy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2018;84(3):251-256. PMID 30840565.  
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89. Franck F, Ouanezar H, Jacquel A, Pibarot V, Wegrzyn J. The predictive factors of secondary patellar resurfacing in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. A prospective cohort study. Int Orthop. 2018;42(5):1051-1060. PMID 28889222.  
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90. Fritzsche H, Beyer F, Postler A, Lützner J. Different intraoperative kinematics, stability, and range of motion between cruciate-substituting ultracongruent and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(5):1465-1470. PMID 28093635.  
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91. Fuchs A, Häussermann P, Hömig D, Ochs BG, Müller CA, Helwig P, et al.. [5-year follow-up of 210 Columbus knee prostheses : A prospective multicentre study]. Orthopade. 2018;47(10):859-866. PMID 29947877.  
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92. Johnston H, Abdelgaied A, Pandit H, Fisher J, Jennings LM. Representing the effect of variation in soft tissue constraints in experimental simulation of total knee replacements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018;87:87-94. PMID 30053734.  
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93. Yoon JR, Yang JH. Satisfactory Short-Term Results of Navigation-Assisted Gap-Balancing Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Ultracongruent Insert. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(3):723-728. PMID 29074322.  
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140. König C, Matziolis G, Sharenkov A, Taylor WR, Perka C, Duda GN, et al.. Collateral ligament length change patterns after joint line elevation may not explain midflexion instability following TKA. Med Eng Phys. 2011;33(10):1303-8. PMID 21764353.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21764353/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.06.008)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
141. Heyse TJ, Becher C, Kron N, Ostermeier S, Hurschler C, Schofer MD, et al.. Quadriceps force in relation of intrinsic anteroposterior stability of TKA design. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(1):1-9. PMID 19578862.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19578862/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-009-0927-4)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*
142. Heyse TJ, Becher C, Kron N, Ostermeier S, Hurschler C, Schofer MD, et al.. Patellofemoral pressure after TKA in vitro: highly conforming vs. posterior stabilized inlays. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(2):191-6. PMID 19578863.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19578863/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-009-0920-y)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*
143. Wajsfisz A, Biau D, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P. Comparative study of intraoperative knee flexion with three different TKR designs. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(3):242-8. PMID 20488142.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20488142/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2009.12.006) · [Open-access link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056810000307/pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
144. Mannan K, Scott G. The Medial Rotation total knee replacement: a clinical and radiological review at a mean follow-up of six years. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(6):750-6. PMID 19483227.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19483227/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.91B6.22124)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
145. Simpson DJ, Gray H, D'Lima D, Murray DW, Gill HS. The effect of bearing congruency, thickness and alignment on the stresses in unicompartmental knee replacements. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2008;23(9):1148-57. PMID 18639960.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18639960/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.06.001)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
146. Ugutmen E, Ozkan K, Unay K, Mahirogullari M, Eceviz E, Taser O. Lateral dislocation of the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty: a case report. Cases J. 2008;1(1):75. PMID 18687153.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18687153/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1626-1-75) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2518130/) · [PDF](pdfs/2008_Ugutmen_PMID18687153.pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF included)*
147. Morgan M, Brooks S, Nelson RA. Total knee arthroplasty in young active patients using a highly congruent fully mobile prosthesis. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(4):525-30. PMID 17562408.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17562408/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2006.04.030)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
148. Siebold R, Louisia S, Canty J, Bartlett RJ. Posterior stability in fixed-bearing versus mobile-bearing total knee replacement: a radiological comparison of two implants. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007;127(2):97-104. PMID 17021758.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17021758/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-006-0232-4)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study · Subscription / not open access*
149. Catani F, Fantozzi S, Ensini A, Leardini A, Moschella D, Giannini S. Influence of tibial component posterior slope on in vivo knee kinematics in fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(4):581-7. PMID 16514660.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16514660/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20121) · [Open-access link](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jor.20121)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
150. Chiavetta J, Fehring TK, Odum S, Griffin W, Mason JB. Importance of a balanced-gap technique in rotating-platform knees. Orthopedics. 2006;29(9 Suppl):S45-8. PMID 17002148.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17002148/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Review · Subscription / not open access*
151. Goldstein WM, Gordon AC, Branson JJ. Optimizing range of motion in cruciate-retaining mobile-bearing tka: experience with 2000 cases. Orthopedics. 2006;29(9 Suppl):S71-5. PMID 17002155.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17002155/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
152. Parsley BS, Conditt MA, Bertolusso R, Noble PC. Posterior cruciate ligament substitution is not essential for excellent postoperative outcomes in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2006;21(6 Suppl 2):127-31. PMID 16950074.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16950074/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2006.05.012)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Evaluation Study · Subscription / not open access*
153. Aigner C, Windhager R, Pechmann M, Rehak P, Engeleke K. The influence of an anterior-posterior gliding mobile bearing on range of motion after total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86(10):2257-62. PMID 15466736.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15466736/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200410000-00018)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
154. Sansone V, da Gama Malchèr M. Mobile-bearing total knee prosthesis: a 5- to 9-year follow-up of the first 110 consecutive arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19(6):678-85. PMID 15343525.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15343525/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2004.01.011)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
155. Siebel T, Käfer W. In vitro investigation of knee joint kinematics following cruciate retaining versus cruciate sacrificing total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop Belg. 2003;69(5):433-40. PMID 14648953.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14648953/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study · cadaveric study · Subscription / not open access*
156. Tirveilliot F, Migaud H, Tillie B, Vielpeau C, Flautre B, Gougeon F. [Patellar reconstruction during total knee arthroplasty after previous patellectomy]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2003;89(7):613-20. PMID 14699307.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14699307/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Clinical Trial; English Abstract · Subscription / not open access*
157. Valdivia GG, Dunbar MJ, Jenkinson RJ, Macdonald SJ, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB. Press-fit versus cemented all-polyethylene patellar component: midterm results. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17(1):20-5. PMID 11805920.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11805920/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.29328)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
158. Wasielewski RC. The causes of insert backside wear in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(404):232-46. PMID 12439265.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12439265/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200211000-00037)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
159. D'Lima DD, Chen PC, Colwell CW. Polyethylene contact stresses, articular congruity, and knee alignment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;(392):232-8. PMID 11716388.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11716388/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200111000-00029)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Validation Study · Subscription / not open access*
160. Laskin RS. Lateral release rates after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;(392):88-93. PMID 11716429.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11716429/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200111000-00011)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*
161. Bai B, Baez J, Testa N, Kummer FJ. Effect of posterior cut angle on tibial component loading. J Arthroplasty. 2000;15(7):916-20. PMID 11061453.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11061453/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2000.9058)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
162. Hofmann AA, Tkach TK, Evanich CJ, Camargo MP. Posterior stabilization in total knee arthroplasty with use of an ultracongruent polyethylene insert. J Arthroplasty. 2000;15(5):576-83. PMID 10959995.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10959995/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2000.6633)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. · Subscription / not open access*
163. Laskin RS, Maruyama Y, Villaneuva M, Bourne R. Deep-dish congruent tibial component use in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized prospective study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;(380):36-44. PMID 11064971.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11064971/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200011000-00006)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
164. Kurtz SM, Bartel DL, Rimnac CM. Postirradiation aging affects stress and strain in polyethylene components. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;(350):209-20. PMID 9602822.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9602822/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. · Subscription / not open access*
165. Psychoyios V, Crawford RW, O'Connor JJ, Murray DW. Wear of congruent meniscal bearings in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a retrieval study of 16 specimens. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(6):976-82. PMID 9853488.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9853488/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.80b6.8176) · [Open-access link](https://boneandjoint.org.uk/article/10.1302/0301-620X.80B6.0800976/pdf)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
166. Blunn GW, Joshi AB, Minns RJ, Lidgren L, Lilley P, Ryd L, et al.. Wear in retrieved condylar knee arthroplasties. A comparison of wear in different designs of 280 retrieved condylar knee prostheses. J Arthroplasty. 1997;12(3):281-90. PMID 9113542.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9113542/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-5403(97)90024-3)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
167. Scott RD, Thornhill TS. Posterior cruciate supplementing total knee replacement using conforming inserts and cruciate recession. Effect on range of motion and radiolucent lines. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(309):146-9. PMID 7994953.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7994953/)  
   *related: ultracongruent / anterior-stabilized / deep-dish · Subscription / not open access*

## 7. Related: constrained implant mentioned, constraint level not specified

1. Beckers G, Kiss MO, Massé V, Vendittoli PA. Valgus knee deserves personalized total knee arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev. 2026;11(1):34-45. PMID 41511890.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41511890/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-2025-0046) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12796785/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Beckers_PMID41511890.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
2. Catteeuw A, Vermue H, Lefeuvre A, Servien E, Batailler C, Lustig S. A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Non-Resurfacing versus Resurfacing in a Cohort of 250 Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(6):1727-1733. PMID 41052730.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052730/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.046)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
3. Descombris S, Mesnard G, Vermue H, Batailler C, Servien E, Lustig S. Short-term benefits of image-based robotic assistance in TKA after prior HTO: A comparative study. J Exp Orthop. 2026;13(2):e70757. PMID 42292691.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42292691/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70757) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13256262/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Descombris_PMID42292691.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
4. Flindt A, Huesker K, Volk G, Fuchs J, Hofer A, Schietsch U, et al.. Knee arthroplasty failure is associated with significant systemic multimetal exposure. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026;34(6):2152-2160. PMID 41144762.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144762/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70122) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13266962/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Flindt_PMID41144762.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
5. Gramlich Y, Wu Y, Steinbrück A, Melsheimer O, Hoffmann R, Schnetz M. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis Shows Higher Failure Rates Depending on Implant Constraint: An Evaluation of the German Arthroplasty Register. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41643869.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41643869/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.01.081)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Subscription / not open access*
6. Ibach MJ, Torney O, Horn CE, Frenzel A, Lohmann CH, Sina J, et al.. Revision from unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to total knee arthroplasty: An analysis of 118 cases at midterm follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026;34(8):2842-2850. PMID 41174929.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41174929/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70156) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13418406/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Ibach_PMID41174929.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
7. Kadambila V, Arif KS, Bhat VGK, Prasad SNN. Staged Total Knee Arthroplasty for Windswept Deformity Using Primary Posterior-stabilized Components in a Resource-limited Setting. Ann Afr Med. 2026. PMID 41778462.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41778462/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_800_25)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Subscription / not open access*
8. Kenai M, Nakano N, Tsubosaka M, Kamenaga T, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, et al.. Total Knee Arthroplasty for Secondary Osteoarthritis in Patients With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: A Case Series. Am J Case Rep. 2026;27:e952617. PMID 42144775.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42144775/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.952617) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13196482/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Kenai_PMID42144775.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
9. Koutserimpas C, Veizi E, Matzaroglou C, Kontos C, Lustig S, Tandogan R, et al.. Image-based robotic-assisted conversion from partial to total knee arthroplasty under functional alignment: Comparable outcomes to primary total knee arthroplasty. SICOT J. 2026;12:1. PMID 41568882.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41568882/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2025056) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12825415/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Koutserimpas_PMID41568882.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
10. L'Hourre V, Desseaux A, Williams T, Yvinou A. Recurrent yoke fracture in rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty: A case report and literature review. J ISAKOS. 2026;16:101033. PMID 41213328.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41213328/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101033) · [Open-access link](https://www.jisakos.com/article/S2059-7754(25)00651-0/pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports; Review · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
11. LaValva SM, Bhatti P, Neitzke CC, Chandi SK, Alschuler DM, Sculco PK, et al.. Intraoperative Fractures in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Incidence and Outcomes From a Matched Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 41951065.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41951065/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.096)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Subscription / not open access*
12. Mahlouly J, Antoniadis A, Royon T, Fischbacher A, Wegrzyn J. Robotic-Assisted Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Minimal Bone Loss: A Step-by-Step Surgical Technique. J Clin Med. 2026;15(5):. PMID 41827389.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41827389/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051972) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12985436/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Mahlouly_PMID41827389.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
13. Pachipala K, Lu AZ, Alqazzaz A, Jacobs JJ, Follett L, Cooper HJ. Corrosion-Related Failures in Modular Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of Rare Published Clinical Cases. JB JS Open Access. 2026;11(2):. PMID 42099886.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42099886/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.26.00005) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13148744/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Pachipala_PMID42099886.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Review · Open access (PDF included)*
14. Roitzsch C, Beyer F, Lützner C, Postler AE, Lützner J. Ten-Year Outcomes of Hypoallergenic Coated and Standard Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(8):2389-2396. PMID 41260313.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41260313/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.018)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Randomized Controlled Trial · Subscription / not open access*
15. Ruelos VCB, Jayarajan NA, Shi JL, Elias TJ, Wainwright JD, Horani K, et al.. Rotating-Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Arthrofibrosis Improves Motion Without Increasing Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2026. PMID 42315063.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42315063/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2026.06.041)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Subscription / not open access*
16. Sahoo B, Roy M, Kumar A, Kumar J. Recurrent dislocation following total knee arthroplasty managed with a hinged revision prosthesis. BMJ Case Rep. 2026;19(7):. PMID 42486657.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42486657/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2025-271737)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports · Subscription / not open access*
17. Wagener N, Wu Y, Grimberg A, Gwinner C, Perka C, Hardt S. International Classification of Diseases-10-Based Risk Stratification and Implant Selection for Knee Arthroplasty Among Patients Who Have Psychiatric and Neurologic Comorbidities: A Registry-Based Analysis of 549,234 Cases. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(8):2354-2363.e4. PMID 41207338.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41207338/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.002) · [Open-access link](https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(25)01427-5/pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF not retrievable automatically)*
18. Zalewa K, Piech P, Nieoczym K, Kozioł M, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Sojka M, et al.. Vascular Complication After Revision of Total Knee Arthroplasty (R-TKA): A Case of Popliteal Branch Pseudoaneurysm Successfully Treated with Embolization-A Case Report and Mini Review of the Literature. J Clin Med. 2026;15(5):. PMID 41827495.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41827495/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15052079) · [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12986114/) · [PDF](pdfs/2026_Zalewa_PMID41827495.pdf)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
19. da Silva AGM, Giglio PN, Fernandes DA, de Oliveira DT, da Palma IM, Araújo HRDS, et al.. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Neuromuscular Disorders and Genu Recurvatum Using a Rotating-Hinge Implant: A Case Series With a Mean 4-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty. 2026;41(5):1446-1452. PMID 41067459.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41067459/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.049)  
   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't · Subscription / not open access*
20. Akkawi I, Zmerly H, Draghetti M, Felli L. Outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with Blount disease or Blount-like deformity: a systematic review. Musculoskelet Surg. 2025;109(4):411-416. PMID 39987393.  
   [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39987393/) · [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-025-00893-x)  
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21. Chen F, Chang RN, Prentice HA, Fasig BH, Paxton EW, Hug KT, et al.. What Is the Survivorship of TKA With a Twin-peg or Spikes-and-keel Cementless Implant Compared With Cemented? A Registry-based Cohort Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2025;483(7):1288-1298. PMID 39915112.  
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53. Jacob B, Jacob N, Röhner E, Wassilew G, Matziolis G, Heinecke M. Reconstruction of mechanical leg axis using non-modular cemented hinged prosthesis in complex primary total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(8):3607-3613. PMID 38987503.  
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55. Liechti EF, Linke P, Gehrke T, Citak M, Lausmann C. Outcomes of rotating versus pure hinge knee arthroplasty in the setting of one-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection. Int Orthop. 2024;48(7):1751-1759. PMID 38558190.  
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57. Minamoto STN, Mozella AP, Cossich VRA, Gavilão UF, Machado HS, Barretto JM. Comparative Functional and Isokinetic Analysis between Implants with Posterior Stabilization and Rotating Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2024;59(1):e68-e75. PMID 38524713.  
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66. Thippana RK, Bhat AKK. Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Secondary Osteoarthritis Knee with Instability due to Neglected Chronic Anterior Dislocation: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(1):58-62. PMID 38292088.  
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67. Fahlbusch H, Ohlmeier M, Mau H, Ballhause T, Citak M, Gehrke T, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty and patelloplasty in a patient with phocomelia caused by thalidomide. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2023;11:2050313X231154635. PMID 36798679.  
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68. Fiedler B, Bieganowski T, Anil U, Lin CC, Habibi AA, Schwarzkopf R. Can pain be improved with retention of the posterior cruciate ligament during total knee arthroplasty?. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(8):3395-3401. PMID 37140671.  
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69. Ikuta K, Matsumoto T, Nakano N, Mukohara S, Hayashi S, Kuroda R. Total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus deformity of the knee with extra-articular deformities of the femur and tibia using a 3-dimensional image matching software system. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2023;103:107853. PMID 36701901.  
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70. Matziolis G, Jacob B, Eijer H, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Jacob N. Less soft tissue release in total knee arthroplasty for anteromedial compared to posteromedial knee osteoarthritis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(1):489-493. PMID 35037995.  
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71. Pujol O, Reverté M, Pijoan J, Minguell J, Joshi-Jubert N, Castellet E. Atraumatic Fracture of the Femoral Component of a Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2023;13(1):. PMID 36812361.  
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72. Puri S, Chandi S, Chiu YF, Blevins JL, Westrich GH, Figgie MP, et al.. Outcomes After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty From a Specific, Now-Recalled Implant System. J Arthroplasty. 2023;38(6S):S290-S296.e1. PMID 36907386.  
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73. Schelker BL, Moret CS, Sava MP, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Graichen H, Arnold MP, et al.. The impact of different alignment strategies on bone cuts in total knee arthroplasty for varus knee phenotypes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(5):1840-1850. PMID 36811657.  
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74. Schlechter M, Theil C, Gosheger G, Moellenbeck B, Schwarze J, Puetzler J, et al.. Good Mid-Term Implant Survival of a Novel Single-Design Rotating-Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Clin Med. 2023;12(19):. PMID 37834758.  
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75. Shah S, Mulpur P, Vecham R, Jayakumar T, Hippalgaonkar K. Erosion and Failure of the Tibial Post after Posterior-stabilized Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2023;13(10):127-131. PMID 37885652.  
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76. Triangga AFR, Magetsari RMSN, Purnomo G, Rahmansyah N, Riyadli M, Sibarani T. A case series of total knee arthroplasty with a non-constrained implant in 2nd and 3rd degree valgus deformity in knee osteoarthritis and medial collateral ligament insufficiency. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2023;106:108162. PMID 37130477.  
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77. Van Laarhoven SN, Te Molder MEM, Van Hellemondt GG, Heesterbeek PJC. Acceptable migration of a fully cemented rotating hinge-type knee revision system measured in 20 patients with model-based RSA with a 2-year follow-up. Acta Orthop. 2023;94:185-190. PMID 37096567.  
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78. Almaawi AA, AlSuwayeh FM. Total synovectomy and total knee arthroplasty in old patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis - A case report. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2022;16(3):64-66. PMID 35599937.  
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79. Almoguera-Martinez A, Godinho-Soares C, Calcedo Bernal V, Pareja Esteban JA, Garcia-Lopez M, Plasencia Arriba MÁ. Anterior tibiofemoral dislocation after total knee arthroplasty: A case report and literature review. Chin J Traumatol. 2022;25(4):237-241. PMID 34275711.  
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80. Bar-Ziv Y, Beit Ner E, Lamykin K, Essa A, Gilat R, Livshits G, et al.. Minimum 2-Year Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Kinematic Alignment Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Valgus Knee. J Pers Med. 2022;12(7):. PMID 35887663.  
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81. Bieganowski T, Fiedler B, Singh V, Karlin E, Anil U, Rozell JC, et al.. Does Retention of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Lead to a More "Forgotten Joint" Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?. Surg Technol Int. 2022;40:329-334. PMID 35090179.  
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82. Frisch NB, Keller RA, Mueller JKP, Bandi M, Snethen KG. Treatment of Medial Collateral Ligament Injury During Total Knee Arthroplasty With Internal Suture Brace Augmentation: A Cadaveric and Biomechanical Study. Orthopedics. 2022;45(5):e269-e275. PMID 35485886.  
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83. Henstenburg JM, Kellish AS, Good RP, Freedman KB. Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction for Valgus Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12(2):. PMID 37440519.  
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84. Lewis PL, Campbell DG, Lorimer MF, Requicha F, W-Dahl A, Robertsson O. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Revised for Instability: A Detailed Registry Analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(2):286-297. PMID 34763047.  
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85. Lv SJ, Wang XJ, Huang JF, Mao Q, He BJ, Tong PJ. Total knee arthroplasty in Ranawat II valgus deformity with enlarged femoral valgus cut angle: A new technique to achieve balanced gap. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(19):6406-6416. PMID 35979319.  
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86. Ohno H, Murata M, Kamo T, Sugimoto H, Saito T. A New Total Knee Arthroplasty Technique for Valgus Knees that preserves the deep layer of the medial collateral ligament. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2022;56(3):205-209. PMID 35703509.  
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87. Pujol O, Joshi-Jubert N, Altayó M, Lara Y, Reverté-Vinaixa M, Pijoan J, et al.. Preoperative mechanical axis has no influence on reoperation rate in primary rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty. J Orthop. 2022;34:364-367. PMID 36238960.  
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88. Quinn J, Jones P, Randle R. Clinical Outcomes Following Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Clin Orthop Surg. 2022;14(1):69-75. PMID 35251543.  
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89. Röttinger T, Lisitano L, Wiedl A, Mayr E, Röttinger H. The Anterior Impingement After Mobile-Bearing Unicomparimental Knee Arthroplasty-A Neglected Problem. A Clinical Report of 14 Cases. Arthroplast Today. 2022;17:94-100. PMID 36042942.  
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90. Sasaki U, Tamaki M, Tomita T, Okada S. Total Knee Arthroplasty With Patient-Specific Instrumentation to Correct Severe Valgus Deformity in a Patient With Hereditary Multiple Exostoses. Arthroplast Today. 2022;16:175-181. PMID 35789783.  
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91. Schwarz GM, Simon S, Mitterer JA, Frank BJH, Aichmair A, Dominkus M, et al.. Artificial intelligence enables reliable and standardized measurements of implant alignment in long leg radiographs with total knee arthroplasties. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(8):2538-2547. PMID 35819465.  
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92. Sharma A, Killampalli V, Patel A. Locking mechanism failure between tibial baseplate and polyethylene insert in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2022;34:102013. PMID 36134392.  
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93. Spranz DM, Koch KA, Reiner T, Hetto P, Gotterbarm T, Merle C. Mid-term results of complex primary total knee arthroplasty using a rotating-hinge implant. Knee. 2022;34:34-41. PMID 34875496.  
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94. Trieb K, Artmann A, Krupa M, Senck S, Landauer F. Evaluation of temperature of a full ceramic total knee arthroplasty during MRI examinations. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(39):e30685. PMID 36181043.  
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95. Xu J, von Fritsch L, Sabah SA, Price AJ, Alvand A. Implant survivorship, functional outcomes and complications with the use of rotating hinge knee implants: a systematic review. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2022;34(1):9. PMID 35246278.  
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96. Athanasiou V, Panagopoulos A, Gliatis J, Papathanasiou N, Tyllianakis M, Megas P. Neglected Posterior Dislocation Septic Loosening and Prolonged Flexion Contracture of Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep. 2021;22:e931857. PMID 34648481.  
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97. Currier JH, Currier BH, Abdel MP, Berry DJ, Titus AJ, Van Citters DW. What factors drive polyethylene wear in total knee arthroplasty? : results of a large retrieval series. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B(11):1695-1701. PMID 34719265.  
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98. Patel NK, Hadley CJ, Leite S, Brahmabhatt S, Mazur D, Parvizi J, et al.. Knee Arthroplasty with Prior Ligamentous Knee Surgery: A Matched Case-Control Study. J Knee Surg. 2021;34(14):1539-1544. PMID 32434235.  
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99. Petitqueux L, Verhulst K, Dauwe J, Dauwe D. A case of an atraumatic implant failure after primary rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop Belg. 2021;87(3):449-451. PMID 34808718.  
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100. Rajgopal A, Kumar S, Aggarwal K. Recognizing the Role of the Posterolateral Corner in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty for Fixed Varus Deformity. Orthop Res Rev. 2021;13:171-177. PMID 34675694.  
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   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Open access (PDF included)*
101. Trowbridge S, Earnshaw P, Back D, Pastides P. Aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion in a well-fixed total knee arthroplasty: a case report. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2021;103(5):e148-e150. PMID 33851888.  
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102. Weber P, Gollwitzer H. Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2021;33(6):525-537. PMID 34414467.  
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103. Wignadasan W, Chang JS, Kayani B, Kontoghiorghe C, Haddad FS. Long-term results of revision total knee arthroplasty using a rotating hinge implant. Knee. 2021;28:72-80. PMID 33310668.  
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104. Greenberg A, Kandel L, Liebergall M, Mattan Y, Rivkin G. Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformity via a Lateral Approach: Clinical Results, Comparison to Medial Approach, and Review of Recent Literature. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(8):2076-2083. PMID 32307289.  
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105. Kamal A, Dong RJ, Shah R, Li C. Management of periprosthetic fractures of knee arthroplasty with revision surgery. J Orthop. 2020;22:118-123. PMID 32322141.  
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106. Kaynak M, Meuffels DE. Knee arthrodesis for a congenital luxation with Larsen syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(6):. PMID 32487529.  
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107. Knight M, Lewis P, Peng Y, Hatton AB, Parkinson B. Survivorship of highly constrained prostheses in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: analysis of 6070 cases. ANZ J Surg. 2020;90(10):2061-2067. PMID 32815292.  
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108. Matar HE, Cameron HU, Gollish JD. Catastrophic Polyethylene Failure and Fractured Femoral Component in Modern Knee Arthroplasty Design: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2020;10(2):e19.00552. PMID 32649145.  
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109. Medellin MR, Abiad A, Salinas V, Gomez-Mier LC, Soto Montoya C. Bone Allograft Prosthesis Composite to Revise a Failed Massive Allo-Prosthesis: Case Report and 10 Years of Follow-Up. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e12172. PMID 33489583.  
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   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
110. Neri T, Boyer B, Papin PE, Martz P, Vaz G, Eichler D, et al.. Contemporary rotating hinge arthroplasty can safely be recommended in complex primary surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(6):1780-1788. PMID 31263928.  
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111. Randall D, Jee Y, Vanood A, Mayo D. Atypical Presentation of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty due to Parvimonas micra. Arthroplast Today. 2020;6(4):901-905. PMID 33204785.  
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   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · Case Reports · Open access (PDF included)*
112. Siddiqi A, Smith T, McPhilemy JJ, Ranawat AS, Sculco PK, Chen AF. Soft-Tissue Balancing Technology for Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev. 2020;8(1):e0050. PMID 31899697.  
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113. Thadi M, Mane PP, Sharma A. Challenges in successful management of haemophilic knee arthropathy: Our experience in a tertiary centre. J Orthop. 2020;19:194-198. PMID 32055146.  
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114. Tischer T, Enz A, Kluess D, Lutter C, Mittelmeier W. [Premature wear of total knee arthroplasty in sports shown in a golfer]. Orthopade. 2020;49(12):1056-1059. PMID 33098018.  
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115. Xu J, Liu H, Luo F, Lin Y. Common peroneal nerve 'pre-release' in total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus deformities. Knee. 2020;27(3):980-986. PMID 32144006.  
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116. Abdulkarim A, Keane A, Hu SY, Glen L, Murphy DJ. Rotating-hinge knee prosthesis as a viable option in primary surgery: Literature review & meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(7):1351-1359. PMID 31588033.  
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118. Gemayel A, Yousif MJ, Padget W, Finch J. Distal Femoral Replacement Following an Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fracture in a Patient with Prior Bone Mulch ACL Reconstruction. Case Rep Orthop. 2019;2019:6213807. PMID 31049236.  
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119. Guo J, Cao G, Zhang Y, Song W, Qin S, Ma T, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty for a valgus deformity angle of >90°: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(23):e15745. PMID 31169673.  
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120. James EW, Blevins JL, Gausden EB, Turcan S, Denova TA, Satalich JR, et al.. Increased utilization of constraint in total knee arthroplasty following anterior cruciate ligament and multiligament knee reconstruction. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(7_Supple_C):77-83. PMID 31256640.  
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121. Mou P, Zeng Y, Pei F, Zhou Z, Shen B, Kang P, et al.. Medial femoral epicondyle upsliding osteotomy with posterior stabilized arthroplasty provided good clinical outcomes such as constrained arthroplasty in primary total knee arthroplasty with severe valgus deformity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(7):2266-2275. PMID 30430221.  
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122. Pasquier G, Ehlinger M, Mainard D. The role of rotating hinge implants in revision total knee arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4(6):269-278. PMID 31210968.  
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123. Putman S, Ehlinger M, Tillie B, Puliero B, Ramdane N, Remy F, et al.. Total knee replacement on more than 20° valgus: A case control study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(4):613-617. PMID 30930092.  
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124. Sappey-Marinier E, White N, Gaillard R, Cheze L, Servien E, Neyret P, et al.. Increased valgus laxity in flexion with greater tibial resection depth following total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(5):1450-1455. PMID 29846753.  
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125. Tibbo ME, Wyles CC, Houdek MT, Wilke BK. Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(2):315-318. PMID 30482663.  
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126. White KT, Fleischman A, Ackerman CT, Chen AF, Rothman RH. Managing Superficial Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Insufficiency in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Bone Staples. J Knee Surg. 2019;32(9):900-905. PMID 30227452.  
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127. Boyer B, Pailhé R, Ramdane N, Eichler D, Remy F, Ehlinger M, et al.. Under-corrected knees do not fail more than aligned knees at 8 years in fixed severe valgus total knee replacement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(11):3386-3394. PMID 29594324.  
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128. Calliess T, Savov P, Ettinger M, Karkosch R. [Current Knee Arthroplasty Designs and Kinematics: Differences in Radii, Conformity and Pivoting]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2018;156(6):704-710. PMID 29902834.  
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129. Jabalameli M, Bagherifard A, Hadi H, Askari A, Ghaffari S. Total Knee Arthroplasty for Chronic Anterior Knee Dislocation. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2018;11:1179547618782882. PMID 29977119.  
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130. Komnik I, David S, Funken J, Haberer C, Potthast W, Weiss S. Compromised knee internal rotation in total knee arthroplasty patients during stair climbing. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0205492. PMID 30304032.  
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131. Paredes-Carnero X, Escobar J, Galdo JM, Babé JG. Total knee arthroplasty for treatment of osteoarthritis associated with extra-articular deformity. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2018;9(2):125-132. PMID 29896014.  
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132. Prasad A, Donovan R, Ramachandran M, Dawson-Bowling S, Millington S, Bhumbra R, et al.. Outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with poliomyelitis: A systematic review. EFORT Open Rev. 2018;3(6):358-362. PMID 30034816.  
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133. Sandiford NA, Phillips JR, Back DL, Toms AD. Three Cases of Femoral Stem Failure in Rotating Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Causes and Surgical Considerations. Clin Orthop Surg. 2018;10(2):260-264. PMID 29854352.  
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134. Schreiner AJ, Schmidutz F, Ateschrang A, Ihle C, Stöckle U, Ochs BG, et al.. Periprosthetic tibial fractures in total knee arthroplasty - an outcome analysis of a challenging and underreported surgical issue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):323. PMID 30200931.  
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135. Scior W, Hilber F, Hofstetter M, Graichen H. Short-term and mid-term results of lateral condyle sliding osteotomy in the treatment of valgus total knee arthroplasty: A successful therapy option in Grade 2 valgus total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2018;25(3):466-472. PMID 29631793.  
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136. Scott CEH, Powell-Bowns MFR, MacDonald DJ, Simpson PM, Wade FA. Revision of Unicompartmental to Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does the Unicompartmental Implant (Metal-Backed vs All-Polyethylene) Impact the Total Knee Arthroplasty?. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(7):2203-2209. PMID 29525342.  
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137. Utomo DN, Mahyudin F, Yanuar A, Widhiyanto L, Hernugrahanto KD. Correction of severe valgus deformity of knee osteoarthritis with non-constrained total knee arthroplasty implant: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;53:218-222. PMID 30428435.  
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138. Chen F, Li R, Lall A, Schwechter EM. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Distal Femur Fractures: A Systematic Review of Indications, Implants, Techniques, and Results. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017;46(3):E163-E171. PMID 28666042.  
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139. Christensen JC, Brothers J, Stoddard GJ, Anderson MB, Pelt CE, Gililland JM, et al.. Higher Frequency of Reoperation With a New Bicruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(1):62-69. PMID 27043727.  
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140. Czekaj J, Fary C, Gaillard T, Lustig S. Does low-constraint mobile bearing knee prosthesis give satisfactory results for severe coronal deformities? A five to twelve year follow up study. Int Orthop. 2017;41(7):1369-1377. PMID 28396931.  
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141. Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Sato J, Sakurai T, Toyabe SI. Anteroposterior translation and range of motion after total knee arthroplasty using posterior cruciate ligament-retaining versus posterior cruciate ligament-substituting prostheses. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(11):3536-3542. PMID 27485124.  
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142. Kim RH, Martin JR, Dennis DA, Yang CC, Jennings JM, Lee GC. Midterm Clinical and Radiographic Results of Mobile-Bearing Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(6):1930-1934. PMID 28209272.  
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143. Lo Presti M, Costa GG, Cialdella S, Neri MP, Agrò G, Iacono F, et al.. Concurrent femoral and tibial osteotomies versus soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty: A technical case report. J Orthop. 2017;14(3):363-369. PMID 28706381.  
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144. Minoda Y, Sugama R, Ohta Y, Nakamura H. Impingement of the patellar component against the tibial post after posterior stabilized and constrained TKA: a pilot study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(6):861-865. PMID 28349206.  
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145. Paredes-Carnero X, Fernández-Cortiñas AB, Escobar J, Galdo JM, Babé JG. Management of severe valgus knee by total unconstrained arthroplasty: A comparative study with long-term follow-up. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2017;61(4):240-248. PMID 28526236.  
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146. Søe NH, Jensen NV, Jensen AL, Koch J, Poulsen SS, Pier GB, et al.. Active and Passive Immunization Against Staphylococcus aureus Periprosthetic Osteomyelitis in Rats. In Vivo. 2017;31(1):45-50. PMID 28064219.  
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   *related: constrained implant, level unspecified · animal study · Open access (PDF included)*
147. Tsubosaka M, Matsumoto T, Takayama K, Nakano N, Kuroda R. Two cases of late medial instability of the knee due to hip disease after total knee arthroplasty. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;37:200-204. PMID 28704747.  
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148. Wang X, Liu H, Cao P, Liu C, Dong Z, Qi J, et al.. Clinical outcomes of medial collateral ligament injury in total knee arthroplasty. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(30):e7617. PMID 28746219.  
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149. Angelini FJ, Helito CP, Veronesi BA, Guimarães TM, Pécora JR, Demange MK. KNEE ARTHROPLASTY REVISION WITH A CONSTRAINED IMPLANT USING HINGE AND ROTATING TIBIAL BASIS. Acta Ortop Bras. 2016;24(1):22-6. PMID 26997909.  
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150. Ay GR, D SR, T C, C K, E KK. Failure of Polyethelene Insert Locking Mechanism after a Posterior Stabilised Total Knee Arthroplasty- A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2016;6(3):35-37. PMID 28116264.  
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151. Bohl DD, Wetters NG, Del Gaizo DJ, Jacobs JJ, Rosenberg AG, Della Valle CJ. Repair of Intraoperative Injury to the Medial Collateral Ligament During Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(1):35-9. PMID 26738901.  
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152. Felli L, Coviello M, Alessio-Mazzola M, Cutolo M. The Endo-Model(®) rotating hinge for rheumatoid knees : Functional results in primary and revision surgery. Orthopade. 2016;45(5):446-51. PMID 26526938.  
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153. Gilg MM, Zeller CW, Leitner L, Leithner A, Labek G, Sadoghi P. The incidence of implant fractures after knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(10):3272-3279. PMID 27154281.  
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154. Ho JC, Siqueira MB, Jacob P, Goodwin RC, Barsoum WK. Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty in a 15 Year Old With Skeletal Dysplasia and Open Physes. Orthopedics. 2016;39(3):e549-52. PMID 27045485.  
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155. Martin JR, Beahrs TR, Stuhlman CR, Trousdale RT. Complex Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Long-Term Outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(17):1459-70. PMID 27605690.  
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156. Nikolaus OB, McLendon PB, Hanssen AD, Mabry TM, Berbari EF, Sierra RJ. Factors Associated With 20-Year Cumulative Risk of Infection After Aseptic Index Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(4):872-7. PMID 26631285.  
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157. Petrie JR, Haidukewych GJ. Instability in total knee arthroplasty : assessment and solutions. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):116-9. PMID 26733656.  
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158. Tanzer M, Makhdom AM. Preoperative Planning in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016;24(4):220-30. PMID 26990712.  
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159. De Muylder J, Victor J, Cornu O, Kaminski L, Thienpont E. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with substantial deformities using primary knee components. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;23(12):3653-9. PMID 25246172.  
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160. Shahi A, Tan TL, Tarabichi S, Maher A, Della Valle C, Saleh UH. Primary Repair of Iatrogenic Medial Collateral Ligament Injury During TKA: A Modified Technique. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(5):854-7. PMID 25618812.  
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161. Stroh DA, Issa K, Scillia A, Issa S, Festa A, Mont MA. Total Knee Arthroplasty after Complete Patellectomy: A Review. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2015;25(3):163-70. PMID 26756555.  
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162. Vaishya R, Vijay V, Vaish A. Dislocation of a constrained total knee arthroplasty with patellar tendon rupture after trivial trauma. Chin J Traumatol. 2015;18(4):241-4. PMID 26764549.  
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163. Vandekerckhove PJ, Teeter MG, Naudie DD, Howard JL, MacDonald SJ, Lanting BA. The Impact of Wear and Lift-Off on Coronal Plane Alignment in TKA and Implications to Future Constrained Revision: A Retrieval Study. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(11):2017-20. PMID 26117071.  
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164. Yoo JD, Kim NK. Periprosthetic fractures following total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2015;27(1):1-9. PMID 25750888.  
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165. Athwal KK, Hunt NC, Davies AJ, Deehan DJ, Amis AA. Clinical biomechanics of instability related to total knee arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2014;29(2):119-28. PMID 24332382.  
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166. Baker P, Critchley R, Gray A, Jameson S, Gregg P, Port A, et al.. Mid-term survival following primary hinged total knee replacement is good irrespective of the indication for surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(3):599-608. PMID 23238923.  
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167. Cavaignac E, Tricoire JL, Pailhé R, Murgier J, Reina N, Chiron P, et al.. Recurring intraprosthetic dislocation of rotating-hinge total knee prosthesis. Effect of implant design on intrinsic stability. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014;100(7):835-7. PMID 25257754.  
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168. Chang MJ, Lim H, Lee NR, Moon YW. Diagnosis, causes and treatments of instability following total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2014;26(2):61-7. PMID 24944970.  
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169. Jain JK, Agarwal S, Sharma RK. Ligament reconstruction/advancement for management of instability due to ligament insufficiency during total knee arthroplasty: a viable alternative to constrained implant. J Orthop Sci. 2014;19(4):564-70. PMID 24771137.  
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170. Matziolis G, Windisch C. [The post-traumatic arthritis - a challenge?]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2014;152(5):510-5. PMID 25313706.  
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171. Newman ET, Hug KT, Wellman SS, Bolognesi MP, Kelley SS. Custom intramedullary intercalating device for treatment of supracondylar fracture between constrained total knee arthroplasty and well-fixed total hip arthroplasty. Knee. 2014;21(2):594-6. PMID 23266136.  
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172. Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M. Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee. Int Orthop. 2014;38(2):273-83. PMID 24366186.  
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173. Song IS, Sun DH, Chon JG, Jang SW, Sun DH. Results of revision surgery and causes of unstable total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Surg. 2014;6(2):165-72. PMID 24900897.  
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174. Zhou X, Wang M, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus knee deformity. Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(6):1062-6. PMID 24622435.  
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175. Butt AJ, Shaikh AH, Cameron HU. Coupling failure between stem and femoral component in a constrained revision total knee arthroplasty. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2013;23(2):162-3. PMID 23374527.  
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176. Manzano G, Schwarzkopf R. Posterior dislocation of the hinge-post extension in a rotating hinge total knee prosthesis. Case Rep Orthop. 2013;2013:756538. PMID 24191213.  
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177. Sabouret P, Lavoie F, Cloutier JM. Total knee replacement with retention of both cruciate ligaments: a 22-year follow-up study. Bone Joint J. 2013;95-B(7):917-22. PMID 23814243.  
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178. Lehmann W, Rupprecht M, Nuechtern J, Melzner D, Sellenschloh K, Kolb J, et al.. What is the risk of stress risers for interprosthetic fractures of the femur? A biomechanical analysis. Int Orthop. 2012;36(12):2441-6. PMID 23132503.  
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179. Liu YL, Chen WC, Yeh WL, McClean CJ, Huang CH, Lin KJ, et al.. Mimicking anatomical condylar configuration into knee prosthesis could improve knee kinematics after TKA - a computational simulation. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2012;27(2):176-81. PMID 21911272.  
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180. Massin P, Boyer P, Sabourin M. Less femorotibial rotation and AP translation in deep-dished total knee arthroplasty. An intraoperative kinematic study using navigation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(9):1714-9. PMID 22057354.  
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181. Vince KG. Diagnosis and management of patients with instability of the knee. Instr Course Lect. 2012;61:515-24. PMID 22301258.  
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182. Wang X, Weng X, Lin J, Jin J, Qian W. [Surgical technique and clinical results of total knee arthroplasty in treating endstage gonarthrosis combined with valgus knee deformity]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2012;26(5):513-7. PMID 22702039.  
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183. Wimmer MA, Laurent MP, Haman JD, Jacobs JJ, Galante JO. Surface damage versus tibial polyethylene insert conformity: a retrieval study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(7):1814-25. PMID 22395868.  
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184. Catani F, Belvedere C, Ensini A, Feliciangeli A, Giannini S, Leardini A. In-vivo knee kinematics in rotationally unconstrained total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2011;29(10):1484-90. PMID 21452303.  
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185. Fulín P, Barták V, Pokorný D, Jahoda D, Tomaides J, Sosna A. [Long-term results of the SVL total knee arthroplasty]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2011;78(6):524-7. PMID 22217405.  
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186. Kosashvili Y, Gross AE, Zywiel MG, Safir O, Lakstein D, Backstein D. Total knee arthroplasty after failed distal femoral varus osteotomy using selectively stemmed posterior stabilized components. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26(5):738-43. PMID 20810237.  
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187. Koskinen E, Remes V, Paavolainen P, Harilainen A, Sandelin J, Tallroth K, et al.. Results of total knee replacement with a cruciate-retaining model for severe valgus deformity--a study of 48 patients followed for an average of 9 years. Knee. 2011;18(3):145-50. PMID 20471274.  
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188. Rajgopal A, Dahiya V, Vasdev A, Kochhar H, Tyagi V. Long-term results of total knee arthroplasty for valgus knees: soft-tissue release technique and implant selection. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011;19(1):60-3. PMID 21519079.  
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189. Villano M, Carulli C, Puccini S, Soderi S, Innocenti M. Painful knee prosthesis: surgical approach. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2011;8(2):26-8. PMID 22461812.  
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190. Yasin MN, Charalambous CP, Mills SP, Phaltankar PM, Nurron RW. Early failure of a knee replacement in a neuropathic joint. A case report. Acta Orthop Belg. 2011;77(1):132-6. PMID 21473461.  
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191. Completo A, Rego A, Fonseca F, Ramos A, Relvas C, Simões JA. Biomechanical evaluation of proximal tibia behaviour with the use of femoral stems in revision TKA: an in vitro and finite element analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2010;25(2):159-65. PMID 19944503.  
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192. Deschamps G, Khiami F, Catonné Y, Chol C, Bussière C, Massin P, et al.. Total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis secondary to extra-articular malunions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(8):849-55. PMID 21035414.  
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193. Diezi C, Wirth S, Meyer DC, Koch PP. Effect of femoral to tibial varus mismatch on the contact area of unicondylar knee prostheses. Knee. 2010;17(5):350-5. PMID 19914073.  
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194. Müller M, Strecker W. [Congenital knee dislocation in Larsen syndrome treated by arthroplasty]. Orthopade. 2010;39(4):444-8. PMID 20091295.  
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195. Ohnsorge JA, Wickiewicz TL, Davis J, Laskin RS. Revision knee arthroplasty including reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament by allograft: a case report. HSS J. 2010;6(2):219-22. PMID 21886539.  
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196. Chouteau J, Lerat JL, Testa R, Moyen B, Fessy MH, Banks SA. Mobile-bearing insert translational and rotational kinematics in a PCL-retaining total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2009;95(4):254-9. PMID 19442597.  
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197. Guenoun B, Latargez L, Freslon M, Defossez G, Salas N, Gayet LE. Complications following rotating hinge Endo-Modell (Link) knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2009;95(7):529-36. PMID 19837642.  
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198. Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Puolakka T, Moilanen T. Risk factors for infection after knee arthroplasty. A register-based analysis of 43,149 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(1):38-47. PMID 19122077.  
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199. Kao FC, Hsu KY, Tu YK, Chou MC. Surgical planning and procedures for difficult total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2009;32(11):810. PMID 19902898.  
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200. Khatri D, Malhotra R, Bhan S, Kumar V, Eachempati KK. Comparison of total knee arthroplasty in stiff knees and knees with good preoperative range of motion. J Knee Surg. 2009;22(4):305-9. PMID 19902725.  
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201. Koo MH, Choi CH. Conservative treatment for the intraoperative detachment of medial collateral ligament from the tibial attachment site during primary total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24(8):1249-53. PMID 19640671.  
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202. Troyer J, Levine BR. Proximal tibia reconstruction with a porous tantalum cone in a patient with Charcot arthropathy. Orthopedics. 2009;32(5):358. PMID 19472957.  
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203. Atinga M, Hamer AJ. Total knee replacements in a patient with the Morquio syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(12):1631-3. PMID 19043137.  
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204. Completo A, Fonseca F, Simões JA. Strain shielding in proximal tibia of stemmed knee prosthesis: experimental study. J Biomech. 2008;41(3):560-6. PMID 18036530.  
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205. Lin KH, Sathappan SS, Wong HP. Persistent knee instability following revision total knee arthroplasty. Singapore Med J. 2008;49(12):e347-9. PMID 19122931.  
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206. Skwara A, Tibesku CO, Reichelt R, Fuchs-Winkelmann S. Damages of the tibial post in constrained total knee prostheses in the early postoperative course - a scanning electron microscopic study of polyethylene inlays. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:83. PMID 18547408.  
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207. Skyttä ET, Savolainen A, Kautiainen HJ, Belt EA. Outcome after temporary physeal stapling for knee valgus deformity in children with JIA. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2008;128(10):1213-6. PMID 18542976.  
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208. Bron JL, Saouti R, De Gast A. Posterior knee dislocation after total knee arthroplasty in a patient with multiple sclerosis. A case report. Acta Orthop Belg. 2007;73(1):118-21. PMID 17441670.  
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209. Lombardi AV, Berend KR, Leith JR, Mangino GP, Adams JB. Posterior-stabilized constrained total knee arthroplasty for complex primary cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89 Suppl 3:90-102. PMID 17908875.  
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210. Mullaji A, Marawar S, Sharma A. Correcting varus deformity. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(4 Suppl 1):15-9. PMID 17570271.  
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